CHAPTER 4 FUGITIVE EMISSIONS - IGES

1 CHAPTER 4: FUGITIVE EMISSIONS 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories CHAPTER 4 FUGITIVE EMISSIONS Volume 2: Energy 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Authors Coal Mining John N. Carras (Australia) Pamela M. Franklin (USA), Yuhong Hu (China), A. K. Singh (India), and Oleg V. Tailakov (Russian Federation) Oil and natural gas David Picard (Canada) Azhari F. M. Ahmed (Qatar), Eilev Gjerald (Norway), Susann Nordrum (USA), and Irina Yesserkepova (Kazakhstan) CHAPTER 4: FUGITIVE EMISSIONS 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Contents 4 FUGITIVE EMISSIONS FUGITIVE EMISSIONS from mining, processing, storage and transportation of Overview and description of Coal mining and Summary of sources.

2 Methodological issues .. Underground coal Choice of Choice of emission factors for underground mines .. Choice of activity data .. Completeness for underground coal mines .. Developing a consistent time series .. Uncertainty Surface coal Choice of Emission factors for surface mining .. Activity Completeness for surface Developing a consistent time series .. Uncertainty assessment in EMISSIONS .. abandoned underground coal mines .. Choice of Choice of emission Choice of activity data.

3 Completeness .. Developing a consistent time series .. Uncertainty Completeness for coal mining .. Inventory Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC).. Quality control and Reporting and Documentation .. FUGITIVE EMISSIONS from Oil and Natural Gas Systems .. Overview, description of sources .. Methodological issues .. Choice of method, decision trees, tiers .. Volume 2: Energy 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Choice of method .. Choice of emission Choice of activity Developing consistent time series.

4 Uncertainty assessment .. Inventory Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC).. Reporting and References .. Equations Equation Estimating EMISSIONS from underground coal mines for Tier 1 and Tier 2 without adjustment for methane utilisation or flaring .. Equation Estimating EMISSIONS from underground coal mines for Tier 1 and Tier 2 with adjustment for methane utilisation or flaring .. Equation Tier 1: global average method underground mining before adjustment for any methane utilisation or flaring.

5 Equation Tier 1: global average method post-mining EMISSIONS underground Equation EMISSIONS of CO2 and CH4 from drained methane flared or catalytically Equation General equation for estimating FUGITIVE EMISSIONS from surface coal Equation Tier 1: global average method surface mines .. Equation Tier 1: global average method post-mining EMISSIONS surface mines .. Equation General equation for estimating FUGITIVE EMISSIONS from abandoned underground coal Equation Tier 1 approach for abandoned underground mines .

6 Equation Tier 2 approach for abandoned underground mines without methane recovery and utilization .. Equation Tier 2 abandoned underground coal mines emission factor .. Equation Example of Tier 3 EMISSIONS calculation abandoned underground mines .. Equation Tier 1: estimating FUGITIVE EMISSIONS from an industry segment .. Equation Tier 1: total FUGITIVE EMISSIONS from industry Equation Alternative Tier 2 approach ( EMISSIONS due to venting) .. Equation Alternative Tier 2 approach (CH4 EMISSIONS due to flaring).

7 Equation Alternative Tier 2 approach(CO2 EMISSIONS due to flaring) .. Equation CH4 EMISSIONS from flaring and Equation CO2 EMISSIONS from venting and Equation N2O EMISSIONS from flaring .. CHAPTER 4: FUGITIVE EMISSIONS 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Figures Figure Decision tree for underground coal mines .. Figure Decision tree for surface coal mining .. Figure Decision tree for abandoned underground coal Figure Decision tree for natural gas systems .. Figure Decision tree for crude oil production.

8 Figure Decision tree for crude oil transport, refining and Tables Table Detailed sector split for EMISSIONS from mining, processing, storage and transport of Table Estimates of uncertainty for underground mining for Tier 1 and Tier 2 Table Estimates of uncertainty for underground coal mining for a Tier 3 approach .. Table Estimates of uncertainty for surface mining for Tier 1 and Tier 2 Table Tier 1 abandoned underground mines - default values - percentage of coal mines that are gassy .. Table Tier 1 abandoned underground mines - emission factor, million m3 methane / mine.

9 Table Tier 1 abandoned underground mines .. Table Tier 2 abandoned underground coal mines - default values for active mine EMISSIONS prior to abandonment .. Table Coefficients for Tier 2 abandoned underground coal Table Detailed sector split for EMISSIONS from production and transport of oil and natural Table Major categories and subcategories in the oil and gas Table Typical ranges of gas-to-oil ratios for different types of production .. Table Tier 1 emission factors for FUGITIVE EMISSIONS (including venting and flaring) from oil and gas operations-in developed countries.

10 Table Tier 1 emission factors for FUGITIVE EMISSIONS (including venting and flaring) from oil and gas operations in developing countries and countries with economies in transition .. Table Typical activity data requirements for each assessment approach for FUGITIVE EMISSIONS from oil and gas operations by type of primary source Table Guidance on obtaining the activity data values required for use in the Tier 1 approach to estimate FUGITIVE EMISSIONS from oil and gas operations .. Table Classification of gas losses as low, medium or high at selected types of natural gas facilities.