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Chapter 5 Parking Lot Design - APAI

Chapter 5 Parking Lot DesignGENERAL CONSIDERATIONSThe Parking lot is the first - and the last -part of a building complex to be viewed by theuser. It is the gateway through which allcustomers, visitors, and employees pass. Thisfirst impression is very important to theoverall feeling and atmosphere conveyed tothe want their new facilities to beattractive, well designed, and many hours are spent on producingaesthetically pleasing building designs, thesame Design consideration for the Parking areais often overlooked. Pavements in parkingareas that are initially under-designed canexperience excessive maintenance problemsand a shortened service properly designed and constructed, Parking areas can be an attractive part of thefacility that is also safe, and most important,usable to the maximum degree. In addition, Parking areas should be designed for lowmaintenance costs and easy modification forchanges in use Lot Design5-1 Parking Lot Design5-2 The information in this Chapter will providea general guide to proper Parking area Design ,construction, and facility layout.

Chapter 5 Parking Lot Design GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS The parking lot is the first - and the last - ... facilities, should be 9-1/2 feet or even 10 feet wide. Figure 5-1.Parking lot angles. ... Drainage problems are frequently a major cause of parking area pavement failures. It is

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Transcription of Chapter 5 Parking Lot Design - APAI

1 Chapter 5 Parking Lot DesignGENERAL CONSIDERATIONSThe Parking lot is the first - and the last -part of a building complex to be viewed by theuser. It is the gateway through which allcustomers, visitors, and employees pass. Thisfirst impression is very important to theoverall feeling and atmosphere conveyed tothe want their new facilities to beattractive, well designed, and many hours are spent on producingaesthetically pleasing building designs, thesame Design consideration for the Parking areais often overlooked. Pavements in parkingareas that are initially under-designed canexperience excessive maintenance problemsand a shortened service properly designed and constructed, Parking areas can be an attractive part of thefacility that is also safe, and most important,usable to the maximum degree. In addition, Parking areas should be designed for lowmaintenance costs and easy modification forchanges in use Lot Design5-1 Parking Lot Design5-2 The information in this Chapter will providea general guide to proper Parking area Design ,construction, and facility layout.

2 Minimumpavement thickness designs are given forvarious size Parking lots, heavily-loaded areas,and industrial Parking lots. In addition, thischapter gives comparable designs for both fulldepth asphalt pavements and asphalt overuntreated aggregate PlanningIn developing the Parking area plan, severalimportant details should be considered. Firstand foremost in the mind of the developer maybe providing the maximum Parking capacityin the available space while ensuring conveni-ence and the locality does not have a zoningordinance identifying specific requirements foroff-street Parking , the general recommenda-tions in Table 5-1 may be have been developed for optimizingparking area space. Among them are rectangular areas where the long sides of the Parking so that Parking stalls are locatedalong the lot s Use traffic lanes that serve two rows Parking RequirementsLand -2 GFAS hopping High , sq.

3 Ft. of gross floor areaGLA, sq. ft. of gross leasable areaParking Lot Design5-3 Special attention should be given to the flowof traffic in and out of the lot as well as circu-lating routes inside the lot. Keep entrances faraway from busy street intersections and fromlines of vehicles stopped at a signal or stopsign. Be sure that the entering vehicles canmove into the lot on an internal aisle, therebyavoiding entering congestion caused by in-volvement with turning vehicles. Apedestriantraffic-flow study is important to provide in-formation about both safety and AngleThe most popular angles for Parking stallsare 60 , 45 , and 90 . The most common anglefor Parking is the 60 angle because of the easeof operation it provides. This angle permitsreasonable traffic lane widths and eases entryand exit of the Parking lot size restricts the dimensionsavailable for aisles and stalls, a 45 angle maybe used.

4 The smaller change of directionrequired to enter and back-out of the stallspace permits use of narrower aisles. The 45 angle reduces the total number of parkingspaces for a given area but is the onlyacceptable angle for a herringbone Parking 90 Parking angle provides the mostparking spaces for a given area. The highdegree of difficulty for entering and leavingthese Parking stalls makes this type of parkingmore suited to all-day Parking , such asemployee Parking . This angle is generally notpreferred for in and out lots such as those offast food restaurants and Space DimensionsTypical Parking stall dimensions vary withthe angle at which the stall is arranged inrelation to the aisle. Stall widths (measuredperpendicular to the vehicle when parked)range from 8-1/2 to 9-1/2 feet. The minimumwidth for public use Parking spaces is 9 feet by19 feet. Recommended stall dimensions forcompacts and similar-sized vehicles are 7-1/2feet by 15 feet.

5 If a number of such spaces areto be provided, they should be groupedtogether in a prime area to promote their widths for Parking lots where shoppersgenerally have large packages, such assupermarkets and other similar parkingfacilities, should be 9-1/2 feet or even 10 lot anglesParking Lot Design5-4 Figure layout dimensions (ft) for 9 ft stalls at various LAYOUT ELEMENTSOnDimensiondiagram45 60 75 90 Stall width parallel to length of depth to width between stall depth, , wall to , , interlock to curb overhang (typical) aisle, aisle, Lot MarkingsMarkings are a very important element of agood Parking lot. The Parking area should beclearly marked to designate Parking spacesand to direct traffic flow. As specified in theManual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices(MUTCD), Parking on public streets should bemarked out by using white traffic paint, exceptfor dangerous areas, which should be markedin , yellow lines are commonly usedin off-street Parking lots.

6 All pavement stripingshould be 4 inches in asphalt surfaces can be marked witheither traffic paint or cold-applied markingtape. For best results with paint application,allow the Asphalt Concrete to cure for PracticesDrainage ProvisionsDrainage problems are frequently a majorcause of Parking area pavement failures. It iscritical to keep water away from the subgradesoil. If the subgrade becomes saturated, it willlose strength and stability, making theoverlying pavement structure susceptible tobreakup under imposed provisions must be carefullydesigned and should be installed early in theconstruction process. Parking area surfacesshould have a minimum slope of 2 percent or1/4 inch per foot. They should be constructedso water does not accumulate at the pavementedge. Areas of high natural permeability mayrequire an underdrain system to carry wateraway from the pavement substructure.

7 Anysoft or spongy area encountered duringconstruction should be immediately evaluatedfor underdrain installation or for removal andreplacement with suitable Lot Design5-5 The use of Asphalt Concrete base (comparedto use of untreated aggregate base) will greatlyreduce the potential for problems related towater strength and PreparationsAll underground utilities should be protect-ed or relocated before grading. All topsoilshould be removed. Low-quality soil may beimproved by adding granular materials, lime,asphalt, or other mixtures. Laboratory tests arerecommended to evaluate the load-supportingcharacteristics of the subgrade soil. However,designs are frequently selected after carefulfield evaluations based on experience andknowledge of local soil area to be paved should have all rock,debris, and vegetation removed. The areashould be treated with a soil sterilant to inhibitfuture flora growth.

8 Grading and compactionof the area should be completed so as toeliminate yielding or pumping of the subgrade should be compacted to auniform density of 95 percent of the maximumdensity. This should be determined inaccordance with Standard Proctor density(Test Method 103). The compaction require-ment may substitute a specified number ofdiskings and roller coverages of each finished, the graded subgrade shouldnot deviate from the required grade and crosssection by more than 1/2 inch in 10 CoatAn application of a low-viscosity liquidasphalt may be required over untreatedaggregate base before placing the AsphaltConcrete surface course. Aprime coat and itsbenefits differ with each application, and itsuse often can be eliminated. Discussrequirements with the paving Lot Design5-6 Asphalt Base ConstructionThe asphalt base course material should beplaced directly on the prepared subgrade inone or more lifts.

9 It should be spread andcompacted to the thickness indicated on theplans. Compaction of this asphalt base is oneof the most important construction operationscontributing to the proper performance of thecompleted pavement. This is why it is soimportant to have a properly prepared andunyielding subgrade against which tocompact. The asphalt base material shouldmeet the specifications for the mix Aggregate Base ConstructionThe untreated aggregate base course shouldconsist of one or more layers placed directly onthe prepared subgrade. It should be spreadand compacted to the uniform thickness anddensity as required on the plans. The minimumthickness of untreated aggregate is 4 material should be of a type approv-ed and suitable for this kind of should be noted that an untreatedaggregate base is sensitive to water in thesubgrade. The pavement failures associatedwith water in the subgrade are accelerated ifan untreated base allows water to enter thepavement CoatBefore placing successive pavement layers,the previous course should be cleaned and atack coat of diluted emulsified asphalt shouldbe applied if needed.

10 The tack coat may beeliminated if the previous course is freshlyplaced and thoroughly Concrete Surface CourseMaterial for the surface course should be anAsphalt Concrete mix placed in one or morelifts to the true lines and grade as shown on theplans. The plant mix material should conformto specifications for Asphalt asphalt surface should not vary fromestablished grade by more than 1/4 inch in 10feet when measured in any direction. Anyirregularities in the surface of the pavementcourse should be corrected directly behind thepaver. As soon as the material can becompacted without displacement, rolling andcompaction should start and should continueuntil the surface is thoroughly compacted andall roller marks Lot Design5-7 THICKNESS Design FOR Parking LOTSD esign thicknesses given in this section areminimum values calculated on the volume andtype of traffic that will use the facility and onthe load-supporting capability of theunderlying soils.


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