Chapter 6 CHAPTER REVIEW Using Thermal Energy

1 NAME DATE CLASS. CHAPTER 6. CHAPTER REVIEW . Using Thermal Energy Part A. Vocabulary REVIEW In the space at the left, write the term from the word list that best completes each statement. Use each term once. combustion radiator solar collector conduction insulators radiation solar Energy fluid heat engine electricity convection fluid _____ 1. Thermal transfer by convection takes place in materials that are ____. radiation _____ 2. A type of heat transfer that does not require matter is ____. solar Energy _____ 3. Energy from the sun is ____. conduction _____ 4. Energy is transferred through matter by direct contact of particles by ____. combustion _____ 5. The rapid burning of fuels that takes place in engines is called ____. radiator _____ 6. A device with a large surface area designed to heat the air near it by con- duction is a(n) ____. insulators _____ 7. Materials such as air, wood, and rubber that do not allow heat to pass through them easily are called ____.

2 Convection _____ 8. The transfer of heat Energy by movement of matter is called ____. solar collector _____ 9. A device that absorbs radiant Energy from the sun is a(n) ____. heat engine 10. A device that changes Thermal Energy into mechanical Energy is called a(n). _____. ____. electricity _____ 11. Scientists are hoping to change the Thermal Energy in ocean water into ____. Explain the difference between the terms in each pair. Write your answers on the lines provided. 12. heat mover, heat pump: A heat mover is a device that removes Thermal Energy from one location and transfers it to another location at a different temperature. A heat pump is a two-way heat mover. 13. internal combustion engine, external combustion engine: An internal combustion engine burns its fuel inside itself. Fuel for an external combustion engine is burned outside the engine. Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

3 15. NAME DATE CLASS. CHAPTER 6 REVIEW (continued). Part B. Concept REVIEW Determine whether the italicized term makes each statement true or false. If the statement is true, write the word true in the blank. If the statement is false, write in the blank the term that makes the statement true. does _____ 1. The transfer of Thermal Energy by conduction and convection does not require matter. true _____ 2. The transfer of Thermal Energy by radiation does not require matter. a conductor _____ 3. A material that allows heat to pass through it easily is an insulator. less _____ 4. Insulation rated R-35 allows more heat to pass through it than insu- lation rated R-1. active _____ 5. Solar collectors are used in passive solar heating systems. a passive _____ 6. A solar heating system that does not use fans or electrical devices is an active solar heating system. external _____ 7. A steam engine is an example of an internal combustion engine.

4 True _____ 8. The fuel of an external combustion engine is burned outside the engine. true _____ 9. A steam-heating system uses radiators to transfer Thermal Energy . heat movers _____ 10. Refrigerators and air conditioners are heat pumps. less _____ 11. Steam-heating systems require more water than hot-water systems. absorb _____ 12. Because dark colors reflect more radiant Energy than light colors, solar collectors are usually painted black. true _____ 13. Many external combustion engines use turbines to produce mechani- cal Energy . true _____ 14. Two drawbacks to trying to harness the Thermal Energy of ocean water for use as electricity are they require a lot of Energy to operate and may cause damage to the environment. Objectives Correlation for CHAPTER 6 REVIEW Part A. Vocabulary REVIEW Part B. Concept REVIEW 1. 1/6:1 6. 4/6:2 11. 10/6:4 1. 1/6:1 7. 9/6:4 13. 9/6:4. 2. 1/6:1 7. 3/6:1 12. 8/6:3 2. 1/6:1 8. 9/6:4 14.

5 10/6:4. 3. 6/6:2 8. 1/6:1 13. 7/6:3 3. 2/6:1 9. 4/6:2. 4. 1/6:1 9. 5/6:2 4. 3/6:1 10. 8/6:3. 5. 7/6:3 10. 9/6:4 5. 6/6:2 11. 4/6:2. 6. 6/6:2 12. 5/6:2. 16 Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. NAME DATE CLASS. x CHAPTER 6. CONCEPT MAPPING. CONCEPT MAPPING. Using Thermal Energy Complete the events chain map for an active solar heating system. Use the following terms: conduction, radiators, radiant, solar collectors, Thermal Energy , and water. One term is used twice. An active solar heating system uses on buildings to absorb Energy from the sun. Radiant Energy is converted to . Thermal Energy heats in pipes in solar collectors. Heated water is pumped through pipes to . Thermal Energy from water heats nearby air by . Cooled water returns to . Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 17. NAME DATE CLASS. CHAPTER 6. PROBLEM SOLVING. Using Thermal Energy New Refrigerators screen out cancer-causing ultraviolet light.

6 Each refrigerator contains only a small The refrigerator may have to be reinvented amount of CFCs. However, the total amount in the coming years. The substances now released from disposed refrigerators, leaks in being used to produce refrigeration, called appliances, and other sources such as air con- refrigerants, must be replaced. Damage to ditioners and spray cans alarmed some envi- Earth's ozone layer is one of the reasons for ronmental groups. In 1987, a treaty was these needed changes. signed in Montreal by most of the industrial A gaseous refrigerant is used to remove heat nations. This treaty proposed that the use of from the inside of a refrigerator. A refrigerant CFCs be reduced by 50 percent by 1998. The should boil at a temperature somewhat lower treaty is being renegotiated to completely than the required freezer temperature. Only phase out all CFC use by the year 2000. a few chemicals boil within the required New refrigerants will have to be developed temperature range and are also nontoxic, to meet that goal.

7 Computer simulations show nonflammable, and noncorrosive. Chloro- that the next generation of refrigerators could fluorocarbons (CFCs) are chemicals that meet use less than half the Energy of today's most these requirements. Only a small amount of efficient models. More testing and develop- CFCs is required for each refrigerator or air ment is needed to determine practical CFC. conditioner. CFCs are also used in aerosol replacements. Some people think that meth- spray cans. ods to capture and recycle CFCs would be Recently, it was discovered that CFCs can cheaper and less hazardous than trying to use destroy Earth's ozone layer. Ozone helps to CFC replacements. Applying Problem Solving Skills 1. What perspective would a refrigerator manufacturing company have with respect to banning CFCs? _____. _____. _____. _____. 2. Suppose a new refrigerant was found that had most of the characteristics of CFCs, and did not harm the ozone layer, but was more flammable.

8 Should this refrigerant be used? Why or why not? _____. _____. _____. _____. Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 12.