CHAPTER 6 GUIDED READING The Roman Empire

1 Ancient Rome and Early Christianity27 McDougal Littell Inc. All rights READINGThe Roman Empire Section you read about the creation of the Roman Empire , make notes in thediagram to describe Roman government, society, economy, and how the following terms and names relate to Julius Main IdeasOn the back of this paper, explain the importance ofAugustusand the Pax Romanain the history of the Roman Economy3. Values4. Social structure2. Form of government5. Religion6. EntertainmentRoman Empire1. Civil war2. Triumvirate3. Gaul4. Absolute rule5. Marcus Brutus and Gaius Cassiuswh10a-IDR-0206_P2 11/24/2003 2:56 PM Page 27 Ancient Rome and Early Christianity33 McDougal Littell Inc. All rights APPLICATION: MOVEMENTThe Roads of the Roman EmpireDirections: Read the paragraphs below and study the map. Then answer thequestions that famous Roman roads were a vast network of hard-surfaced roads connecting the city ofRome to the farthest reaches of its Empire .

2 Thestone-paved highways lasted for more than a thou-sand years, and some sections are still in use Isaac Asimov claimed that there was no bet-ter mode of transportation in the world until thearrival of railroads close to 2,000 years began building roads in 312 first major conquests. The beginning stretch,the Appian Way, trailed 132 miles southeast out ofRome. Thereafter, roadbuilding kept pace with theempire s expansion. Eventually, Roman roads wound53,000 miles around the Mediterranean and north-eastern Atlantic roads, constructed by slaves and soldiers, werewide enough for large wagons to pass each principal use of the highways was to moveRoman armies from one part of the Empire toanother. However, citizens were free to use theroads. The Roman statesman Cicero once spoke ofmoving 56 miles in a cart in just ten hours. However,travelers had to be alert for bandits, as people mightsimply disappear while riding on Roman 2 CHAPTER6 yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy yyyyyy yyyyyyy yyyyyyyy yySPSPAINAINGAULGAULNORTH SeaNorthSeaEnglish ChannelATLANTICOCEANA driaticSeaLondonLondonParisParisArelateA relateRomeRomeCarthageCarthageAthensAthe nsByzantiumByzantiumJerusalemJerusalemAl exandriaAlexandriaAntiochAntiochSPAINGAU LNORTH SeaNorthSeaEnglish ChannelATLANTICOCEANA driaticSeaLondonParisArelateRomeCarthage AthensByzantiumJerusalemAntiochAlexandri a01,000 Kilometers0500 MilesThe Roads of the Roman Empire yRoman Empire , 117 Roman roadwh10a-IDR-0206_P8 11/24/2003 2:57 PM Page 33 Interpreting Text and Visuals1.

3 How is the area of the Roman Empire shown? _____What symbol represents roads on the map? _____2. What is the approximate straight-line distance in miles between Paris and Rome? _____What is the approximate distance between the two cities along the Roman roads, choosing the route that passes by Arelate? _____3. Describe the location of the four significant breaks for bodies of water that the map shows in theRoman road system. _____4. How many miles of roads made up the Roman roads? _____5. Which two rivers provided a natural path for the Roman roads to follow? _____6. What was one drawback to the Roman roads? _____7. Suppose you are a Roman general who must move a legion of soldiers from Rome to your two options. _____8. All roads lead to Rome is a famous saying that originally described the Roman highway system. Why would the Romans have developed their road network with Rome as its focus?

4 _____Name The Roads of the Roman Empirecontinued McDougal Littell Inc. All rights ,Chapter6wh10a-IDR-0206_P9 11/24/2003 2:57 PM Page 34 Ancient Rome and Early Christianity47 McDougal Littell Inc. All rights ACTIVITYThe Roman EmpireSection 2____1. All of the following factors contributed tothe collapse of the Roman republic excepta. widening gap between rich and outside breakdown of the a period of civil 2. The military leader who joined forces withCrassus and Pompey to dominate Romewasa. Marcus Julius 3. The three men who ruled Rome for tenyears beginning in 59 were referred to as a a. 4. The second group of three rulers of Rome wasa. Octavian, Mark Antony, and Octavian, Augustus, and Mark Mark Antony, Lepidus, and Caesar, Mark Antony, and 5. Octavian eventually came to be called exalted one, ora. Pax 6. The period of peace and prosperity in theRoman Empire is known as the a.

5 Pax reform 7. The Roman values of discipline, strength,and loyalty characterized a person with thevirtue of 8. Gladiators, or professional fighters whooften fought to the death in public contests,were often drawn froma. the ChoiceChoose the best answer for each item. Write the letter of your answer in the 11/24/2003 2:58 PM Page 47