Chapter 7 有機化合物 - ed.kanazawa-u.ac.jp

1 3 RODU %HDUC hapter 7 2 CCsp3 @@ CC @@sp2 CCsp : 2 (C2H5OH) ((C2H5)2O) 1 = ( ) + R ( ) R1 R7 1 H+ 1293 RODU %HDU{ R2R1CR3R4CR5R6 R1R3@@ CC @@R2R4 R1 CCR2 : R2R1 COR3R4CR5R6 R2R1 COR3@@C OR4 R2R1CR3N H@@C OR7 R8bbCO""R9.}

2 ( ) AbbCO""B A B ( B) (H) 1303 RODU %HDU{ R1X R1OH ( )R1NO2 R7C H@@@@O : ( ) R1SO3H ( )R7C O@@OH ""bb""bb ""OH ( ) : RN H@@H : H+ ( ) H+ -OH -NH- 1313 RODU %HDU +CuO !}

3 CO2+H2O Ca(OH)2 Ba(OH)2 #(BaCO3 ) + !NH3(CaO NaOH ) + + + ! #+ PbS( ) + (s) ! #+ PbS( ) + !H2S # ( ) 1323 RODU % { (Wg) CO2 H2O (g) ( ) O2 (CuO) + : WH=WH2O MH2MH2O( )=WH2O 19( ) WC=WCO2 MCMCO2( )=WCO2 311( ) WO=W (WH+WC)( ) Wg CXHYOZ 1333 RODU %HDUX:Y:Z=WC12:0:WH1:00:WO16:0( )=x:y:1:00( )= x: y: ( ) H= C= N= O= B.}

4 Mg mg mg 1343 RODU % CnHm - CnH2n+2 - ( )-- - CnH2n - CnH2n 2 - CnH2n 6? - CnH2n 2 - 6? 1353 RODU %HDU : : : : : 1363 RODU % ( ) ( ) HHCHH : HHCHHCHH : HHCHHCHHCHH : : : : : ( C) ( C) CH4 161 183gas C2H6 89 184gas C3H8 42 187gas C4H10 138gas C5H1236 130liquid C6H1469 C16H3418liquid C17H3622solid C18H3828solid1373 RODU %HDU H CH2 CH2 CH2 H( ) n CnH2n+2( ) C4H10 2- HHCHHCHHCHHCHH : HHCHHCHCHHHCHH : 2.

5 2- C5H12 C6H14 1383 RODU %HDU C7H16 HCH3CH2CH2 CCH2CH3CH3 :HCH3CH2 CCH2CH2CH3CH3 : HaaCH3CH2CH2!!CH2CH3CH3 : HaaCH3CH2!!CH2CH2CH3CH3 :1393 RODU %HDU { C1 C4 C5 " ane" : 123456monoditritetrapentahexa 789101112heptaoctanonadecaundecadodeca : CH4C2H6C3H8C4H10C5H12C6H14 methaneethanepropanebutanepentanehexane{ ( ) ( ) " ane" " yl".}}

6 CH3 C2H5 C3H7 C4H9 C5H11 C6H13 methylethylpropylbutylpentylhexyl 1CH3 2CH 3CH 4CH2 5CH3CH3CH3 : 2,3- 2,3-Dimethylpentane1403 RODU %HDU ( ) R R COONa + NaOH !R H+Na2CO3( ) CH3 COONa + NaOH !CH4+Na2CO3( ) CH3CH2CH2 COONa + NaOH !CH3CH2CH3+Na2CO3( ) ( ) CH3(CH2)6CH3-500 C25 70atmCH3(CH2)2CH3+CH2=C(CH3)2 2- -CH4+CH3CH = CH2 - - ( ) >.

7 1413 RODU %HDU { ( ) CH4+2O2=CO2+2H2O(l)+891kJ( ) ( ) % % CH4+O2 !C+2H2O( ) 2CH4+O2 !2CO + 4H2( )CH4+H2O !CO + 3H2( ) CO H2 CO+2H2 !CH3OH( ){ ( ) Cl-Cl !2Cl ( ) Cl +CH4 !H-Cl + CH3 CH3 + Cl-Cl !CH3Cl + Cl CH3Cl( Chloromethane ) CH2Cl2( Dichloromethane 2) CHCl3( Chloroform)3 CCl4( Tetrachloromethane)4 ( ) 2 CH2 3 4 1423 RODU % CnH2n(n 3)( ) :n 8 ( C)3 cyclopropane-334 cyclobutane135 cyclopentane496 cyclohexane817 cycloheptane1188 cyclooctane149.}}

8 ( C) (20 C)2- 2-methylhexaneCH3 CH CH2 CH2 CH2 methylcyclohexane""bb"" : ( ) ( ) : ( ) ( ) 1mol 1433 RODU % CnH2n( ) CnH2n 2( ) ( ) : cis-2-Butene trans-2-Butene 5 C4H8 1-Butene 2-Methylpropene 2-Butene 2-Butene ( - ) cis-2-Butene trans-2-Butene 1.

9 C2H2Cl22. C5H105 p 1443 RODU %HDU : ( C) ( C)C2H2 ( ) ( ) -2- -2- ( ) : propyne 2-butyne : ( C) ( C)C2H2 -82 -84C3H4 -103-23( )C4H61- -1268( )2- -3227( )1453 RODU % - { HCOHC-H+HCOH+2C-HCC+OH2-CCH+OH2 : 6 160 180 C C2H5OH !C2H4+H2O( ) 130 C 2C2H5OH !}

10 (C2H5)2O+H2O( ) +CH2 CHHCCH3H : 6 290 C 317 C 1463 RODU %HDU 60g 165 C 10g SO2 SO2+2 NaOH !Na2SO3+H2O( ){ HCXC-OH CC+H2O+ X HCXXCH-OH CC+2H2O+2X : { ( ) 700 900 C 1200 2000 C { ( )7 7 CaC2 2000 C 1473 RODU %HDUCaC2+H2O !}}}