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CHAPTER HISTORYMAKERS Marie Antoinette 7

McDougal Littell Inc. All rights ,Chapter7 NameDateHISTORYMAKERSM arie AntoinetteTragic Queen Monsieur, I beg your pardon. I did not do it on purpose. Marie Antoinette slast words, apologizing to her executioner for stepping on his foot, 1793 Section 1In 1781, Marie Antoinette , queen of France, gavebirth to a son. The king, Louis XVI, now had amale heir. The French people celebrated, as the lineof succession to the throne was now secure. A groupof poor working women called market-women came to the palace to congratulate the years later, another group of market-women came to the palace. But on this 1789 visit,the crowd was larger and angrier. Instead of cele-brating joyful news, it woke the queen with suchshouted threats as We ll wring her neck! and We ll tear her heart out! Actually, the 1781 visit marked one of the fewtimes that Queen Marie Antoinette enjoyed anypopularity in France. Born in 1755, she was the fif-teenth child of Francis I and Maria Theresa, rulersof the Holy Roman Empire.

HISTORYMAKERS Marie Antoinette Tragic Queen “Monsieur, I beg your pardon. I did not do it on purpose.”— Marie Antoinette’s last words, apologizing to her executioner for stepping on his foot, 1793 Section 1 I n 1781, Marie Antoinette, queen of France, gave birth to a son. The king, Louis XVI, now had a

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Transcription of CHAPTER HISTORYMAKERS Marie Antoinette 7

1 McDougal Littell Inc. All rights ,Chapter7 NameDateHISTORYMAKERSM arie AntoinetteTragic Queen Monsieur, I beg your pardon. I did not do it on purpose. Marie Antoinette slast words, apologizing to her executioner for stepping on his foot, 1793 Section 1In 1781, Marie Antoinette , queen of France, gavebirth to a son. The king, Louis XVI, now had amale heir. The French people celebrated, as the lineof succession to the throne was now secure. A groupof poor working women called market-women came to the palace to congratulate the years later, another group of market-women came to the palace. But on this 1789 visit,the crowd was larger and angrier. Instead of cele-brating joyful news, it woke the queen with suchshouted threats as We ll wring her neck! and We ll tear her heart out! Actually, the 1781 visit marked one of the fewtimes that Queen Marie Antoinette enjoyed anypopularity in France. Born in 1755, she was the fif-teenth child of Francis I and Maria Theresa, rulersof the Holy Roman Empire.

2 The French and theAustrians ended their long hostility by agreeing to amarriage that united the two royal families. Mariemarried Louis, heir to the French throne, in was only 14 years old, and he only 15 years four years later, the young couple became kingand queen of wasn t long before Marie Antoinette becamethe focus of nasty gossip and rumors. People sawher as a spendthrift who meddled in portrayed a queen who lived a life ofimmorality and the same time, the queen was having diffi-culty adjusting to her new home. Although she andLouis grew to love each other, their early yearsincluded many strains. In addition, the queenfound French customs confusing. The court hadelaborate rules of etiquette for everything fromdressing to eating. She had little patience for theseformalities, which won her few friends at Antoinette s spending habits didn t earnher much admiration, either. She bought three orfour new dresses every week.

3 However, even whenshe did not spend, she was criticized. In a compli-cated plot, some members of the court pretendedto buy a diamond necklace worth a fortune. Whenthe scandal erupted, the queen who was entirelyinnocent was nevertheless blamed for people s anger at the queen boiled overduring the French Revolution. The crowd oftenfocused its rage on her. In 1789, when the market-women marched on the palace crying for bread,they were calm at first. The next morning, though,they stormed the queen s bedroom, shouting theirbloody threats. Later that day Marie Antoinettefaced the mob. She stood on a balcony before thecrowd, with muskets aimed at her. She bravelyremained still until the muskets were she entered the the royal family was taken to Paris, theking and queen feared for their safety. Austria and Spain refused to do anything to help. MarieAntoinette urged that the family try to escape. OnJune 20, 1791, the family attempted to leave butwere captured and returned to Paris.

4 An eyewitnesswrote that in the city, the queen was greeted withviolent expressions of disapproval. The next year, the monarchy was formally over-thrown and the king and queen were put in year later, Marie Antoinette s children were takenfrom her, and she was placed in a separate cell. Shewas moved again in September 1793 to a smallroom lit only by a lantern queen was taken to trial the followingmonth. She was accused of conspiring to aid herbrother now the Holy Roman Emperor todefeat France. She was also accused of gave a brief, forceful defense that won sympa-thy. But the officer presiding over the trial warnedthe crowd to be quiet and then quickly led thepanel to declare her guilty. On October 16, 1793, Marie Antoinette was factors cost the queen support? EffectsDo you think the attackson the queen contributed to the Revolution? ConclusionsWould you say that thequeen was a strong or a weak person? 12/15/2003 1:52 PM Page 64


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