Transcription of Chemical Agents Quick Reference Guide - Texas A&M ...
1 Chemical Agents Quick Reference Guide agent Civilian (Military) Route of Exposure Onset of Symptoms Signs and Symptoms Decontamination Prehospital Care Nerve Tabun (GA) Sarin (GB) Soman (GD) VX R, S Seconds to 18 hours Miosis; difficulty breathing; headache; muscular twitching; Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Defecation, Gastrointestinal symptoms, Emesis, and Muscle fasciluations, (SLUDGEM); seizures; coma; and death Decontamination with soap and water wash Respiratory support, atropine 2 mg IM repeat until atropinization occurs, pralidoxime chloride (2 PAM CI) 600 mg IM maximum prehospital dose 1,800 mg, diazepam 10 mg IM repeated according to local protocol Vesicants (blister) Nitrogen Mustard (HN1)(HN2)(HN3) Lewisite (L) Phosgene Oxime (CX) R, S 2 24 hours Tearing or burning eyes, runny nose, sneezing, cough, nosebleed, redness on skin followed by blisters Symptoms delayed (especially with Lewisite)
2 But tissue damage occurs within minutes of contamination Decontamination with soap and water wash Aggressive symptom and burn management Airway support Blister fluid will not contain vesicant agent Blood Hydrogen Cyanide (AC) Cyanogen Chloride (CK) R, I 15 seconds to 2 minutes Increased respirations, loss of conscious, seizures, and death (all rapid onset) Decontamination with soap and water wash Supportive care and respiratory and circulatory support Use of hydrocobalamin Pulmonary (Choking) Phosgene (CG) Chlorine R 20 minutes 24 minutes Eye and airway irritation, dyspnea, chest tightness, bronchospasm, and delayed non cardiogenic pulmonary edema Decontamination with soap and water wash Supportive care and respiratory and circulatory support Aggressive airway management, use of intubation with PEEP Incapacitating (riot control) Mace (CN) (CS) Pepper spray Adamsite (DM) R, S, I Seconds Burning pain on mucous membranes, skin, and eyes; tearing; burning in nostrils; elevated blood pressure.
3 And irregular respiration Has been fatal in confined spaces Symptoms will usually resolve in 15 20 minutes after removal to fresh air Eyes, flush with water or saline, skin copious amounts of water Supportive care (effects are usually self limiting) May trigger asthma attacks in sensitive patients in a confined space S=Skin Absorption, I=Ingestion, R=Respiratory
