Chemistry 30 databook updated 2010 - Alberta

1 Data BookletData BookletUpdated 2010 765432198 Table of Common Polyatomic Ionsacetate (ethanoate)ammoniumbenzoateboratecarbide carbonatehydrogen carbonateperchloratechloratechloritehypo chloritechromatedichromatecyanidehydroxi deiodatenitratenitriteoxalatehydrogen oxalatepermanganateperoxidepersulfidepho sphatehydrogen phosphatedihydrogen phosphatesilicatesulfatehydrogen sulfatesulfitehydrogen sulfitehydrogen sulfidethiocyanatethiosulfateCH3 COO NH4+ C6H5 COO BO33 C22 CO32 HCO3 CIO4 CIO3 CIO2 OCl or CIO Cr O42 Cr2O72 CN OH IO3 NO3 NO2 OOCCOO2 HOOCCOO MnO4 O22 S22 PO43 HPO42 H2PO4 SiO32 SO42 HSO4 SO32 HSO3 HS SCN S2O32 hydrogen1

2 1. +,1 lithium3 +sodium11 +potassium19 +rubidium37 +cesium55 +francium87 (223) +radium88 (226) +barium56 +strontium38 +calcium20 +scandium21 3+titanium22 +, 3+zirconium40 +niobium41 +, 3+vanadium23 +, 4+chromium24 +, 2+hafnium72 +tantalum73 +tungsten74 +rhenium75 +osmium76 +ruthenium44 3+iron26 3+, 2+cobalt27 2+, 3+rhodium45 3+iridium77 4+technetium43 (98) 7+manganese25 2+, 4+molybdenum42 +rutherfordium104 (261)Rf dubnium105 (262) Db seaborgiumSg bohrium107 (264)106 (266)Bh hassium108 (277)Hs meitnerium109 (268)Mt yttrium39 +magnesium12 +beryllium4 +lanthanum57 +cerium58 +praseodymium59 +neodymium60 +samarium62 +, 2+promethium 61 (145)Pm 3+actinium89 (227) +4+thorium90 +protactinium91 +, 4+uranium92 +, 4+plutonium94 (244) +, 6+neptunium 93 (237)Np 5+ReferencesLide, 2005.

3 CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 86th ed. Boca Raton: CRC , James G. 2005. Lange s Handbook of Chemistry . 16th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, commission on atomic weights and isotopic abundances. 2002. and actinide series begin18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 Note: The legend denotes the physical state of the elements at exactly kPa and K. Legend for Elements Most stable ion charges Name Atomic molar mass (g/mol)* Symbol Electronegativity Atomic number Key iron 26 Fe 3+, 2+ europium 63 151 .96 Eu 3+, 2+ americium 95 (243) Am 3+, 4+ gadolinium 64 Gd 3+ curium 96 (247) Cm 3+ terbium 65 Tb 3+ berkelium 97 (247) Bk 3+, 4+ dysprosium 66 Dy 3+ californium 98 (251) Cf 3+ holmium 67 Ho 3+ einsteinium 99 (252) Es 3+ erbium 68 Er 3+ fermium 100 (257) Fm 3+ thulium 69 Tm 3+ mendelevium 101 (258) Md 2+, 3+ ytterbium 70 Yb 3+, 2+ nobelium 102 (259) No 2+, 3+ lutetium 71 Lu 3+ lawrencium 103 (262)

4 Lr 3+ aluminium 13 Al 3+ boron 5 B silicon 14 Si carbon 6 C arsenic 33 As phosphorus 15 P nitrogen 7 selenium 34 Se sulfur 16 S oxygen 8 tellurium 52 Te bromine 35 Br chlorine 17 fluorine 9 iodine 53 I astatine 85 (210) At krypton 36 argon 18 neon 10 helium 2 xenon 54 radon 86 (222) gallium 31 Ga 3+ indium 49 In 3+ thallium 81 Tl 1+, 3+ germanium 32 Ge 4+ tin 50 Sn 4+, 2+ lead 82 * * The isotopic mix of naturally occurring lead is more variable than other elements, preventing precision to greater than tenths of a gram per 2+, 4+ antimony 51 Sb 3+, 5+ bismuth 83 Bi 902 254 3+, 5+ polonium 84 (209)

5 Po 2+, 4+ zinc 30 Zn 2+ cadmium 48 Cd 2+ mercury 80 Hg 2+, 1+ copper 29 Cu 2+, 1+ silver 47 Ag 1+ gold 79 Au 3+, 1+ nickel 28 Ni 2+, 3+ palladium 46 Pd 2+, 3+ platinum 78 Pt 4+, 2+ roentgenium 111 (272) Rg darmstadtium 110 (271) Ds He Ne Ar Cl F O N Kr Xe Rn * Based on C ( ) Indicates mass of the most stable isotope 126 Metallic solidsNon-metallic solids Gases Liquids 2 Chemistry NotationSymbolTerm Unit(s)cspecific heat capacity J/(g.)

6 C) or J/( )E standard electrical potentialV or J/C Ekkinetic energykJEppotential energykJ Henthalpy (heat)kJ fH standard molar enthalpy of formationkJ/molIcurrentA or C/sKcequilibrium constant Kaacid ionization (dissociation) constant Kbbase ionization (dissociation) constant Mmolar massg/molmmassgnamount of substancemolPpressurekPaQchargeCTtempera ture (absolute)Kttemperature (Celsius) CttimesVvolumeLcamount concentrationmol/LSymbolTerm delta (change in) standard[ ]amount C is equivalent to KSpecific Heat Capacities at K and kPacair= J/(g.

7 C)cpolystyrene foam cup= J/(g. C)ccopper= J/(g. C)caluminium= J/(g. C)ciron= J/(g. C)ctin= J/(g. C)cwater= J/(g. C)Water Autoionization Constant (Dissociation Constant)Kw = 10 14 at K (for ion concentrations in mol/L)Faraday ConstantF = 104 C/mol e Quadratic Formulaxabbac242!=--Selected SI Prefixes PrefixExponential Symbol Va lueteraT1012gigaG109megaM106kilok103mill im10 3micro 10 6nanon10 9picop10 124 Standard Molar Enthalpies of Formation at KNameFormula fH (kJ/mol)aluminium oxideAl2O3(s) 1 (g) chlorideNH4Cl(s) nitrateNH4NO3(s) carbonateBaCO3(s) 1 chlorideBaCl2(s) hydroxideBa(OH)2(s) 94 oxideBaO(s) sulfateBaSO4(s) 1 (l) + (g) carbonateCaCO3(s) 1 chlorideCaCl2(s) hydroxideCa(OH)2(s) oxideCaO(s) sulfateCaSO4(s) 1 dioxideCO2(g) monoxideCO(g) 110.

8 5chromium(III) oxideCr2O3(s) 1 (I) oxideCu2O(s) (II) oxideCuO(s) (II) sulfateCuSO4(s) (I) sulfideCu2S(s) (II) sulfideC uS(s) tetroxideN2O4(g) + (g) acid (acetic acid)CH3 COOH(l) (l) 2 (ethylene)C2H4(g) + (acetylene)C2H2(g) +2 2 (s) 1 bromideHBr(g) chlorideHCl(g) fluorideHF(g) iodideHI(g) + perchlorateHClO4(l) peroxideH2O2(l) 18 7. 8hydrogen sulfideH2S(g) (II) oxideFeO(s) (III) oxideFe2O3(s) (II,III) oxide (magnetite)Fe3O4(s) 1 (II) bromidePbBr2(s) (II) chloridePbCl2(s) (II) oxide (red)PbO(s) (IV) oxidePbO2(s) 2 carbonateMgCO3(s) 1 chlorideMgCl2(s) 6 Molar Enthalpies of Formation at K cont dNameFormula fH (kJ/mol)magnesium hydroxideMg(OH)2(s) oxideMgO(s) sulfateMgSO4(s) 1 (II) oxideMnO(s) (IV) oxideMnO2(s) (II) oxide (red)HgO(s) (II) sulfide (red)HgS(s) (formaldehyde)CH2O(g) (g) acid (formic acid)HCOOH(l)

9 (l) (II) oxideNiO(s) acidHNO3(l) dioxideNO2(g) + monoxideNO(g) + (l) (l) 173. 5phosphorus pentachloridePCl5(s) trichloride (liquid)PCl3(l) trichloride (vapour)PCl3(g) 2 8 bromideKBr(s) chlorateKClO3(s) 39 chlorideKCl(s) hydroxideKOH(s) (g) dioxide ( - qua r tz)SiO2(s) bromideAgBr(s) 10 chlorideAgCl(s) 12 iodideAgI(s) bromideNaBr(s) chlorideNaCl(s) hydroxideNaOH(s) iodideNaI(s) 2 8 7. 8sucroseC12H22O11(s) 2 dioxideSO2(g) acidH2SO4(l) trioxide (liquid)SO3(l) 4 trioxide (vapour)SO3(g) (II) chlorideSnCl2(s) (IV) chlorideSnCl4(l) (II) oxideSnO(s) (IV) oxideSnO2(s) (liquid)H2O(l) (vapour)H2O(g) 2 oxideZnO(s) sulfide (sphalerite)ZnS(s) of Some Common Ionic Compounds in Water at KIonGroup 1 ionsNH4+ NO3 ClO3 ClO4 CH3 COO F Cl Br I SO42 CO32 PO43 SO32 IO3 OOCCOO2 OH Solubility greater than or equal to mol/L (very soluble)

10 MostmostmostmostGroup 1 ionsGroup 1 ionsGroup 1 ionsNH4+NH4+ Co(IO3)2 Fe2(OOCCOO)3NH4+Solubility less than mol/L (slightly soluble)RbClO4 CsClO4 AgCH3 COO Hg2(CH3 COO)2Li+ Mg2+ Ca2+ Sr2+ Ba2+ Fe2+ Hg22+ Pb2+Cu+ Ag+ Hg22+ Pb2+ Tl+Ca2+ Sr2+ Ba2+ Ag+ Hg22+ Pb2+ Ra2+mostmostmostNote: This solubility table is only a guideline that is established using the Ksp values. A concentration of mol/L corresponds to approximately 10 g/L to 30 g/L depending on molar mass. Hg22+ is a polyatomic ion of Colour of ElementsElementSymbolColourlithiumLireds odiumNayellowpotassiumKvioletrubidiumRbv ioletcesiumCsvioletcalciumCayellowish redstrontiumSrscarlet redbariumBayellowish greencopperCublue to greenboronByellowish gr