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[CLASS XII CHEMISTRY PRACTICALS] - Saint John's Senior ...

[ class XII CHEMISTRY PRACTICALS]. Evaluation Scheme for Examination Marks Volumetric Analysis 08. Salt Analysis 08. Content Based Experiment 06. Project Work 04. class record and viva 04. Total 30. Note:- 1. Chemical Equations of Experiment 3 to 11 are to be written on blank pages. 2. Observation table of experiment 13 to 16 are to be drawn on blank pages. 3. Investigatory Project work (4 marks) is also included in the practical syllabus. For project work, contact the teacher for the topic. 4. Project report should be hand written. 5. Start each experiment from a new page. EXPERIMENT 1. Classification of Anions Group Group Observation Inference Reagent A Dilute H2SO4 a) Colourless, odourless gas with brisk effervescence (CO2) which CO 2 (Carbonate). 3. turn lime water milky. 2 . b) Colourless gas with rotten egg like smell (H2S) which turns lead S (sulphide).

[CLASS XII CHEMISTRY PRACTICALS] Evaluation Scheme for Examination Marks Volumetric Analysis 08 Salt Analysis 08 Content Based Experiment 06 Project Work 04 Class record and viva 04 Total 30 Note:- 1. Chemical Equations of Experiment 3 to 11 are to be written on blank pages. ... CO -, ,-, , (CHEMISTRY PRACTICALS) NH ,

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Transcription of [CLASS XII CHEMISTRY PRACTICALS] - Saint John's Senior ...

1 [ class XII CHEMISTRY PRACTICALS]. Evaluation Scheme for Examination Marks Volumetric Analysis 08. Salt Analysis 08. Content Based Experiment 06. Project Work 04. class record and viva 04. Total 30. Note:- 1. Chemical Equations of Experiment 3 to 11 are to be written on blank pages. 2. Observation table of experiment 13 to 16 are to be drawn on blank pages. 3. Investigatory Project work (4 marks) is also included in the practical syllabus. For project work, contact the teacher for the topic. 4. Project report should be hand written. 5. Start each experiment from a new page. EXPERIMENT 1. Classification of Anions Group Group Observation Inference Reagent A Dilute H2SO4 a) Colourless, odourless gas with brisk effervescence (CO2) which CO 2 (Carbonate). 3. turn lime water milky. 2 . b) Colourless gas with rotten egg like smell (H2S) which turns lead S (sulphide).

2 Acetate paper black. c) Colourless gas with smell of burning sulphur (SO2) which turns . SO32 (Sulphite). acidified dichromate paper green.. d) Brown coloured gas (NO2) which turns ferrous sulphate solution NO2 (Nitrite). black or brown. e) Colourless gas with vinegar like smell. CH3 COO-(Acetate). B Conc. H2SO4 a) Colourless pungent smelling gas (HCl) which gives white dense Cl (Chloride). fumes with glass rod dipped in NH4OH. b) Violet coloured vapours (I2) which turns starch paper blue. I (Iodide). c) Reddish brown gas (NO2) having pungent smell (On adding NO3 (Nitrate). copper turning, fumes becomes intense). d) Brown colour gas with pungent smell (Br2) which turns starch paper yellow. Br (Bromide). e) Colourless, odourless gas with brisk effervescence (CO + CO2) which turns lime water milky and burns on the mouth of test tube with blue flame. C2O42- (Oxalate).

3 C BaCl2 White ppt. of BaSO4 is formed. SO42 (sulphate). D Ammonium Cannary yellow ppt. of phospho ammonium molybdate (NH4)3 PO43 (phosphate). molybdate MoO3 . 6H2O. 3 (NH3)4 MoO4. EXPERIMENT 2. Classification of Cations Group Group Reagent Radical PPt/Smell Colour Zero NaOH Smell of NH3 - NH 4. +2. I Dil. HCl Pb PbCl2 White II H2S gas in acidic Pb+2 PbS Black Medium As3+ As2S3 Yellow Cu+2 CuS Black Cd+2 CdS Yellow III NH4Cl (s) in presence of Fe2+ Fe(OH)2 Light green NH4OH Fe3+ Fe(OH)3 Reddish brown Al3+ Al(OH)3 Gelatinous white IV H2S gas in basic medium Ni2+ NiS Black ( CHEMISTRY PRACTICALS) Page No 1. Co2+ CoS Black Mn2+ MnS Flesh colour Zn2+ ZnS Dirty white V (NH4)2 CO3 in presence of NH4OH Ba2+ BaCO3 White Ca2+ CaCO3 White Sr2+ SrCO3 White VI Na2 HPO4 in presence of NH4OH Mg2+ MgNH4PO4 White EXPERIMENT 3. Aim :- To analyse the given inorganic salt for acidic and basic radicals [(NH4)2 CO3].

4 Preliminary Investigation Physical State Solid Colour White (Cu2+, Fe2+, Fe3+ , Ni2+, Mn2+,Co2+absent). Odour Ammonium smell (may be NH4+). Solubility Soluble in water Flame Test No Characteristic flame (Pb2+, Cu2+, Ca2+, Sr2+ , Ba2+, Zn2+ absent). (A) Identification of Acidic Radical (a) Preliminary test : Experiment Observation Inference 1. Salt solution + dil H2SO4 Colourless, colourless gas with brisk Group A anion (CO32- may be effervescence which turn lime water present). milky Confirmative test : 1. BaCl2 Test : Salt solution + White ppt of BaCO3 CO32- Confirmed BaCl2. 2. MgSO4 Test : Salt solution + White ppt of MgCO3 CO32- Confirmed MgSO4. (B) Identification of Basic Radical a) Preliminary Test Experiment Observation Inference 1. Salt Solution + NaOH+ Heat Smell of NH3. 2. Place a red litmus on the mouth of Red litmus turns blue test tube.. Zero group present NH 4 may be.

5 Confirmative test Experiment Observation Inference 1. Nessler's reagent test : Salt + Reddish brown ppt. is formed . NH confirmed. 4. Solution + NaOH + Nessler's Reagent 2. NaOH test : Smell of NH3. Salt Solution + NaOH + Heat. Dense white fumes of NH4Cl are Bring a glass rod dipped in conc. HCl formed. NH 4 Confirmed. Chemical Reactions : - Acidic Radical Preliminary Test :- 1. NH 4 2 CO3 H 2 SO4 NH 4 2 SO4 CO2 H 2O. 2. Ca(OH ) 2 + CO2 CaCO3 + H 2O. Confirmative Test 1. BaCl2 Test : (NH ) CO. 4 2 3 + BaCl 2 BaCO3 +2 NH 4Cl 2- MgSO4. NH 4 2 CO3 MgSO4 MgCO3 ( NH 4 ) 2 SO4. ( CHEMISTRY PRACTICALS) Page No 2. 2. Basic Radical (a) Preliminary Test :- 1. NH 4 2 CO3 2 NaOH Na2CO3 2H 2O 2NH 3 . NH3+ Red litmus ----- Litmus turns blue (b) Confirmative test :- 1. Nessler's Test : K2 HgI4 2KI + Hg I2. (Nessler's Reagent). HgI2 + NH3 NH2 HgI + HI. 2NH2 HgI + H2O NH2.

6 /. Hg \. O + NH4I. /. Hg \. I. 2. NaOH Test NH 4 2 CO3 2 NaOH . Na2CO3 2H 2O 2 NH 3 . NH 3 HCl . NH 4Cl ( Dense white fumes ). Result : The given inorganic salt contains following Acidic Radical : - CO32- Basic Radical : NH 4 . EXPERIMENT 4. Aim : To analyse the given salt of acidic and basic radical (NH4Cl). Preliminary Investigation Physical state : Solid Colour : white (Cu2+, Fe2+, Fe3+,Ni2+, Mn2+, Co2+ absent). Odour : Ammonium smell ( NH 4 may be present). Solubility : Soluble in water Flame Test : No characteristic flame (Cu2+, Ca2+, Ba2+,Sr2+,Pb+2 , Zn2+absent). (A) Identification of Acidic Radical a- Preliminary test: Experiment Observation Inference 1 Salt solution + dil H2SO4 solution No gas is evolved Group A anion (CO 2- 3 , CH 3 COO- , NO - 2 , SO32- , S 2- , absent ). 2 Salt + Conc H2SO4 + Heat Colourless gas with Group B anion (Cl- may be).

7 Bring a glass rod dipped in NH4OH pungent smell which gives dense white fumes of NH4Cl (b) Confirmative Test: Experiment Observation Inference 1 AgNO3 test : Salt Solution + Curdy white ppt Cl- confirmed AgNO3. Dissolve the ppt in NH4OH White ppt soluble in NH4OH. 2 Chromyl chloride Test: Reddish orange gas Cl confirmed a) Salt + Solid K2Cr2O7 (1:2) is evolved + conc. H2SO4 + Heat b) Pass these vapour through Solution be comes NaOH yellow c) Add acetic acid and lead Yellow ppt of lead acetate to yellow solution chromate is formed. ( CHEMISTRY PRACTICALS) Page No 3. Identification of Basic Radical Preliminary Test: Experiment Observation Inference 1 Salt solution + NaOH + Smell of Ammonia Zero group (NH4+). Heat May be 2 Place a red litmus on the Red litmus turns mouth of test tube blue Confirmative Test: Experiment Observation Inference 1 Nessler Test: Salt solution + NaOH + Reddish brown ppt is NH4+ Confirmed Nessler's reagent formed 2 NaOH Test : Salt Solution + NaOH + Heat Smell of NH3 NH4+ Confirmed Bring a glass rod dipped in dil HCl white dense fumes of NH4Cl are formed Preliminary Test : (NH 4 )2 SO4 + 2 HCl Heat 2 NH 4Cl + H 2 SO4.

8 NH 4OH + HCl NH 4Cl + H 2O. (White dense fumes). Confirmative Test : AgNO3 test NH 4Cl + 2 AgNO3 2 AgCl + NH 4 NO3. (Curdy white ppt). AgCl NH 4OH . [ Ag ( NH 3 ) 2 ] Cl 2H 2O. (Diammine silver (I) Chloride). Chromyl Chloride Test : K2Cr2O7 + H2SO4 . K2SO4+2Cr2O3 + H2O. 2NH4 + H2SO4 (NH4)2SO4+ 2 HCl CrO3 2 HCl . Cr2O2Cl2 H 2O. (Vapour ). CrO2Cl2 4 NaOH . Na2 CrO4 2 NaCl H 2O. (Sodium Chromate (Yellow Solution). dit. Na2 CrO4 Pb(CH 3 COO) 2 PbCrO4 CH 3 COONa CH3 COOH. (Lead Chromate). Chemical Reaction for Basic Radical Preliminary Test : . NH 4Cl NaOH . NaCl H 2O NH 3 . NH3+ Red litmus ----- Litmus turns blue Confirmative Test : Nessler's Test : K2 HgI4 2KI+ HgI2. HgI2 + NH4 . NH2 HgI + Hl 2NH2 HgI + H2O . NH2 +NH4I. /. Hg \. O. /. Hg \. I (Iodide of millon base). NaOH Test : NH4Cl + NaOH . NaCl + H2O + NH3 (g). ( CHEMISTRY PRACTICALS) Page No 4. NH3 + HCl.)

9 NH4Cl (Dense white fumes). Result : The given inorganic salt contains Acidic Radical Cl . Basic Radical NH4+. EXPERIMENT 5. Aim : To analyze the given inorganic salt for acidic and basic radical. Pb(NO3)2. Preliminary Investigation Physical state : Solid Colour : Creamish white (Cu2+, Co2+,Ni2+ Fe2+ , Mn2+ Fe3+absent). Odour : No characteristic odour ( NH 4 , S2- , CH3 COO- absent). Solubility : Soluble in water Flame Test : Dull Bluish white flame is obtained (Pb2+may be). (A) Identification of Acidic Radical a- Preliminary test: Experiment Observation Inference 1 Salt solution + dil H2SO4 solution No gas is evolved Group A. (CO 2- 3 , CH 3 COO- , NO - 2 , SO32- , S 2- , absent ). 2 Salt + Concn H2SO4 + Heat Brown Colourled gas Group B (NO3- may be present). (NO2) is evolved (b) Confirmative test: Experiment Observation Inference 1 Diphenyl amine test : Deep blue coloured NO3- - confirmed salt + Concn H2SO4 + diphenyl amine solution 2 Ring Test : Brown ring is formed at NO3- - confirmed Salt + Freshly prepared FeSO4 + Concn the junction of two liquids H2SO4 along the side of the test tube Identification of Basic Radical a- Preliminary test : Experiment Observation Inference 1 Salt solution + NaOH No Smell of ammonia Zero group [NH4+ ] absent 2 Salt Solution + dil HCl White ppt of PbCl2 is I group [Pb2+ may be].

10 Filter the above ppt and boil it with water formed and divide into parts. Identification of Basic Radical a- Confirmative test : Experiment Observation Inference 1 KI test : 1st part + KI Pb I2 (Yellow Ppt) Pb2+ Confirmed 2 K2 CrO4 Test : 2nd part + K2 CrO4 Yellow ppt of PbCrO4 is Pb2+ Confirmed formed Chemical reaction for Acidic Radical Preliminary Test : Pb (NO3)2 + H2SO4 PbSO4 + 2 HNO3. Cu + HNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + 2 NO2 + H2O. Confirmative Test : i) Ring Test Pb (NO3)2 + H2SO4 PbSO4 + 2 HNO3. 6 FeSO4 + 3H2SO4 + 2 HNO3 3Fe2 (SO4)3 + 4H2O + 2NO. ( CHEMISTRY PRACTICALS) Page No 5. FeSO4 + NO FeSO4 . NO. (Nitroso ferrous sulphate). ii) Diphenyl amine Test 2(C6H5)2 NH + [O] (C6H5)2 N N (C6H5)2 + H2O. (Diphenyl amine hydrazine). (B) Identification of Basic Radical Preliminary Test : Pb (NO3)2 + 2 HCl PbCl2 + 2 HNO3. (White). Confirmative Test : i) KI Test : PbCl2 + 2KI PbI2 + 2 KCI.


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