CLEANUP CRITERIA AND SCREENING LEVELS …

1 CLEANUP CRITERIA AND SCREENING LEVELS DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION REMEDIATION AND REDEVELOPMENT DIVISION RESOURCE MATERIALS Prepared by: Michigan Department of Environmental Quality Remediation and Redevelopment Division 525 West Allegan Street Lansing, Michigan 48933 DRAFT June 2016 Remediation and Redevelopment Division Michigan Department of Environmental Quality Page i In order to promote a consistent and informed approach for Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ) staff, this document was developed to provide information to MDEQ staff and contractors on CLEANUP CRITERIA and SCREENING LEVELS Development and Application. This document is available as a technical reference to assist any party applying the generic CLEANUP CRITERIA .

2 This document is explanatory and does not contain any regulatory requirements. It does not establish or affect the legal rights or obligations for application of the generic CLEANUP CRITERIA . It does not have the force or effect of law and is not legally binding on the public or the regulated community. Any regulatory decisions made by the MDEQ regarding application of the generic CLEANUP CRITERIA will be made by applying the governing statutes and Administrative Rules to relevant facts. Approved: _____ Robert Wagner, Chief Remediation and Redevelopment Division DRAFT June 2016 Remediation and Redevelopment Division Michigan Department of Environmental Quality Page ii TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION GENERIC CLEANUP CRITERIA Generic CLEANUP CRITERIA Application to Land Use Categories Application of Generic CLEANUP Categories and Land Use Zoning Assessing Compliance with Generic CLEANUP CRITERIA Additional Generic CLEANUP CRITERIA Application Information GENERIC CLEANUP CRITERIA DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK General Principles Risk Assessment Acceptable Risk - Generally Best Available Information Generic CLEANUP CRITERIA Receptors The Reasonable Maximum

3 Exposure (RME) Concept Exposure Pathways CRITERIA for Individual Chemicals and Mixtures Assessment Selection Methodology Input Values Chemical-Physical Data Toxicity Endpoints or Reference Values Exposure and Fate and Transport Assumptions Mutagenic Carcinogens Developmental or Reproductive Toxicants CALCULATION OF HEALTH-BASED VALUES (HBVs) AND SCREENING LEVELS Toxicity and Exposure Assessment Hazardous Substance Information Chemical-Physical and Chemical-Specific Values Toxicity Endpoints or Reference Values Exposure Assumptions soil -Specific Information - soil Type and Characteristics Generic soil Type soil Types Specific to the Site Generic soil Temperature Volatile Hazardous Substances Equations for Calculating Health-Based Values and SCREENING LEVELS Determination of Final Calculated HBVs Special Considerations for Calculating HBVs Relative Source Contribution (RSC)

4 For Noncarcinogens Other Injuries Which Require Considerations GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR DETERMINING GENERIC CRITERIA Solubility soil Maximum Ceiling Concentration Target Detection Limits (TDLs) for Groundwater, soil and Vapors Background Concentration Remediation and Redevelopment Division Michigan Department of Environmental Quality Page iii DEVELOPMENT OF DRINKING WATER VALUE (DWV) AND GENERIC DWC State Drinking Water Standards Aesthetics Value TDL and Solubility Considerations Application of Generic Drinking Water CRITERIA GROUNDWATER-SURFACE WATER INTERFACE CRITERIA (GSI) FLAMMABILITY AND EXPLOSIVITY SCREENING LEVEL (FESL) Methodology Application of FESL GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR DETERMINING GENERIC soil CLEANUP CRITERIA Theoretical Saturation Concentration (Csat) for soil DIRECT CONTACT VALUE (DCV) AND CRITERIA (DCC) TDL, Maximum Ceiling Concentration, Background and Csat Application of DCC GROUNDWATER PROTECTION CRITERIA (GWPC).

5 DRINKING WATER PROTECTION CRITERIA (DWPC) and GSI PROTECTION CRITERIA (GSIPC) Groundwater Protection Value (GWPV) Determination The soil Water Partitioning Methodology Drinking Water Protection CRITERIA (DWPC) and GSI Protection CRITERIA (GSIPC) Application of GWPC soil TO AMBIENT AIR INHALATION VALUES AND GENERIC CRITERIA (SIC) Infinite and Finite Volatile soil Inhalation Values Based on Vertical Contamination Depths Modification of soil Inhalation Values Based on Source Area Size Dispersion Factor (Q/C) Values for Various Source Sizes Generic SIC Determination SIC Comparison to TDL and Maximum soil Ceiling Concentration Csat Comparison State Default soil Background LEVELS Examples of Source Area Size and Generic SIC Determination Facility-specific Generic soil Input Values Site-specific Input Values Application of SIC VOLATILIZATION TO INDOOR AIR PATHWAY (VIAP) AND CRITERIA (VIAC) General Information The VIAP Conceptual Site Model (CSM) CRITERIA Stakeholder Advisory Group (CSA)

6 Recommendations Tiered and Investigative Approach to Vapor Intrusion Use of Alternative Methods or a Site-Specific Approach Finite vs Infinite Mass for soil Indoor Air Depth to Groundwater General Concepts of the Tiered Approach Remediation and Redevelopment Division Michigan Department of Environmental Quality Page iv VIAP Evaluation Groundwater in Contact with a Structure Presence of Shallow Groundwater in Michigan Groundwater in Contact Groundwater in Contact VI Tier Approach Groundwater in Contact Duration and Time Building Specific Parameters Modifying Enclosed Floor Space Length and Width (LB and WB) - Residential and Nonresidential Building Mixing Height (Enclosed Space Height)

7 Building Mixing Height - Residential Building Mixing Height Nonresidential Modifying Mixing Height Residential and Nonresidential Indoor Air Exchange Rate Indoor Air Exchange Rate Residential House Indoor Air Exchange Rate Apartment Indoor Air Exchange Rate Nonresidential Modifying Air Exchange Rate Residential and Nonresidential Foundation Type Basement and Slab-On-Grade Enclosed Space Floor Thickness Depth of Footings and Utilities Below Enclosed Space Rise of the Capillary Zone Distance to a Vapor Source Fraction of Organic Carbon Qsoil Attenuation Coefficient Vapor Johnson & Ettinger Model Equation to Derive Attenuation Coefficient Vertical Separation Distance The VI Tiered Process VI Tier 1 SCREENING LEVELS Development VI Tier 2 Generic Unrestricted Criterion VI Tier 3 Tier 3A Generic CRITERIA Tier 3B Site-Specific CRITERIA Final VIAC Determination Petroleum Vapor Intrusion HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES WITH SPECIAL CONSIDERATION Groups of Hazardous Substances with Similar Toxicity Characteristics Carcinogenic PAH (cPAH) and Toxicity Equivalence Factor (TEF) Polychlorinated and Polybrominated Dibenzodioxins And Dibenzofurans and Dioxin-Like Polychlorinated Biphenyls (Dioxins, Furans, and Dioxin-Like PCBs) Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)

8 And Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Trihalomethanes Remediation and Redevelopment Division Michigan Department of Environmental Quality Page v Ammonia, Nitrites and Nitrates Isomers Hazardous Waste Characteristics Defined Under Part 11 of NREPA Individual Hazardous Substances with Special Considerations Ammonia Asbestos Boron Chromium III and VI Cyanide Ethylenediaminetetraaceticacid (EDTA) Lead Methane Total Mercury and Mercury Compounds 3-Methylphenol and 4-Methylphenol Sodium Trichloroethylene Vinyl Chloride CONCERNS NOT ADDRESSED BY GENERIC CLEANUP CRITERIA Contaminated soil Runoff to Surface Waters Surface Water Sediments Acute Toxicity and Physical Hazards Ecological and Aesthetic Impacts MDEQ UPDATES TO GENERIC CLEANUP CRITERIA TABLES Hazardous Substances Not Included in the CRITERIA Tables Chemical-Specific, Toxicological, and Chemical-Physical Data Sources Newly Developed or Revisions to State Drinking Water Standards or Surface Water Quality Standards Revisions to Target Detection Limits (TDLs)

9 Notice of Revisions SITE-SPECIFIC CRITERIA Site-Specific Health Based Values (HBVs) and Exposure Assumptions Equations and Site-Specific Inputs REFERENCES TABLES: Table 1. soil Type Determination Table 2. Generic Input Values for USDA soil Textural Classifications Table 3. Carcinogens with Mutagenic Mode of Action Table 4. Developmental Toxicants and Categories Table 5. Residential Exposure Factors Table 6. Nonresidential Exposure Factors Table 7. Fate and Transport Factors and Inputs Table 8. 2015 Statewide Default soil Background LEVELS for Metals Table 9. Volatiles Designated With an OO Footnote Remediation and Redevelopment Division Michigan Department of Environmental Quality Page vi Table 10.

10 VI Generic Input Values FIGURES: Figure 1. Physical-Chemical Value Decision Framework Figure 2. Toxicity Value Decision Framework and Data Quality objectives Figure 3. Framework for Determination of Exposure Values Figure 4 Decision Process for Developing Generic Drinking Water CRITERIA Figure 5. Decision Process for Developing Generic soil CRITERIA Figure 6. VI Tier Process Figure 7. Decision Process for Developing Generic VIAC Figure 8 USDA soil Texture Classifications APPENDICES: 1. Glossary 2. Abbreviations and Acronyms ATTACHMENTS: A. PART 201 Statutes B. PART 201 Rules C. CSA Final Report D. MDEQ Response to CSA Recommendations E. Chemical Update Worksheets and Users Guide F.