Climate Smart Agriculture and Advisory Services ...

1 Climate Smart Agriculture and Advisory Services : Approaches and Implications for Future Discussion Paper 1. MANAGE- Centre for Agricultural Extension Innovations, Reforms, and Agripreneurship (CAEIRA). National Institute of Agricultural Extension Management (MANAGE). (An organisation of Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare, Govt. of India). Rajendranagar, Hyderabad 500 030, Telangana State, India 1. Published by National Institute of Agricultural Extension Management (MANAGE). (An organisation of Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare, Govt. of India). Rajendranagar, Hyderabad - 500 030, Telangana State, India MANAGE, 2018.

2 About the Publication The research report is based on the research conducted by Ms. Rupan Raghuvanshi as MANAGE Intern under the MANAGE Internship Programme for Post Graduate students of Extension Education during April-June, 2017. Authors Ms. Rupan Raghuvanshi MANAGE Intern and PhD Research Scholar G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India e-mail: Dr. Saravanan Raj Director (Agricultural Extension). National Institute of Agricultural Extension Management (MANAGE). Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India e-mail: Dr. Suchiradipta Bhattacharjee MANAGE Fellow, Centre for Agricultural Extension Innovations, Reforms, and Agripreneurship (CAEIRA).

3 National Institute of Agricultural Extension Management (MANAGE). Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India e-mail: Language Editing Ms. Rajani Kumar Layout Design Ms. Niharika Lenka Disclaimer The views expressed in the document are not necessarily those of MANAGE but are of the authors' own. MANAGE encourages the use, reproduction and dissemination of this publication for personal study and non-commercial purposes only with proper acknowledgement of MANAGE as the source and copyright holder. Correct citation: Rupan, R., Saravanan, R. and Suchiradipta, B. 2018. Climate Smart Agriculture and Advisory Services : Approaches and Implication for Future.

4 MANAGE Discussion Paper 1, MANAGE- Centre for Agricultural Extension Innovations, Reforms and Agripreneurship (CAEIRA), National Institute of Agricultural Extension Management, Hyderabad, India. Director General's Message Smt. V. Usha Rani, IAS. Director General, MANAGE. I congratulate Ms. Rupan Raghuvanshi, MANAGE intern and Scholar, Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, for selecting relevant topic of the day Climate Smart Agriculture Advisory Services : Approaches and Implications for Future and collecting good data from field and analysis. The paper in detail analyses the impact of Climate change on Agriculture across the world in general and in India in particular.

5 It is a well known fact that Climate is changing rapidly and radically impacting poor and marginal farmers. Due to Climate change, the sustainability of livelihoods of farmers especially in dry regions of this country as well as in coastal areas is at stake. The Climate change is equally affecting Agriculture and allied sectors. The need of hour is to gear up Research and Extension system empowering farmer to face the challenges posed by inevitable change of Climate . Various organizations including international have been implementing number of projects like National Innovations on Climate Resilient Agriculture , (NICRA) by ICAR; Climate Change Knowledge Network in Indian Agriculture (CCKN-IA) by GIZ; Climate Change Adaptation (CCA), by WoTR.

6 The impact and methods in these projects are discussed very elaborately. The paper analyses strengths and weaknesses of each of methods adapted in these projects. The paper also discusses effectiveness of the extension strategies adapted in each of these projects including use of ICT for transmitting relevant information on weather and other advices to farmers. The paper is very much useful to the policy makers and field level officers to understand effective ways of transfer of knowledge to the doorstep of farmers enabling farmer to face the challenges posed by Climate Change.

7 The paper awakens Policy makers as well as field extension personnel the need for: (1) planning at block level; (2) quick transmitting weather information; (3) providing relevant advices to farmers through ICT;. and (4) preparing farmers to face adversities of nature. Let me congratulate Dr. Saravanan Raj, Director (Agri. Extn.), MANAGE and Dr. Suchiradipta Bhattacharjee, MANAGE Fellow (CAEIR) for guiding the intern in selecting right topics, applying right research methodology to collect relevant information, analyzing and suggesting appropriate way to move forward. Unless we are geared up, we are sure to receive shocks from fast changing Climate in our country.

8 ( Rani). Contents Introduction .. 1. Climate change and Agriculture .. 1. Impact of Climate change on world Agriculture .. 2. Agriculture and Climate change in India .. 3. Climate Smart Agriculture and rural Advisory Services .. 4. Extension approaches used in CSA .. 7. Climate - Smart Agriculture in India .. 15. Description of projects .. 15. Rationale of Study .. 17. Research Methodology .. 19. Data Collection .. 22. Result and Discussion .. 23. Climate information Services .. 23. Innovative extension approaches for Climate Smart Agriculture .. 24. Contribution to enhancing food security, resilience and productivity in a sustainable manner.

9 29. Farmers opinions on performance of extension methods used in field condition .. 30. Summary .. 32. Recommendation .. 36. Conclusion .. 37. References .. 39. i List of Tables Table no. Title Page no. 1. Different Approaches Used in Extension 9. 2. Scenario of the CCA project 17. 3. Project Scenario 22. 4. How farmers around the world are making decisions based on weather 24. and Climate information 5. Summary of the findings 33. List of Figures Fig. no. Title Page no. 1 Impact of Extension Approaches 8. 2. Map of Maharashtra State 21. ii Abbreviations AGRIMATE Automated Crop Weather Calendar Software AIS Agricultural Innovation Systems ATMA Agricultural Technology Management Agency CBDM Community Based Disaster Management CCA Climate Change Adaptation CCAFS Climate Change Agriculture and Food Security CCKN IA Climate Change Knowledge Network in Indian Agriculture CGIAR Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research CIMMYT International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre CSA Climate Smart Agriculture CSV Climate Smart Village DRR Disaster Risk Reduction F2FE Farmers to Farmer Extension FAO

10 Food and Agricultural Organisation FFS Farmers Field School FGD Focussed Group Discussion FIGs Farmers Interest Groups GACSA Global Alliance for Climate Smart Agriculture GDP Gross Domestic Product GFRAS Global Forum for Rural Advisory Services GHGs Green House Gases GIS Geographic Information System GIZ German development cooperation GOI Government of India ITC Indian Tobacco Company ICAR Indian Council of Agriucltural Research ICT Information and Communication Technology IFPRI International Food Policy Research Institute IMD Indian Meteorological Department iii IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPPM Integrated Plant and Pest Management ITK Indigenous Technical Knowledge MANAGE National Institute of Agricultural Extension Management MICCA Mitigation of Climate Change in Agriculture NABARD National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development NGO Non Government Organisation NICE Network for Information on Climate (Ex)