CO2 EMISSIONS FROM FUEL COMBUSTION …

1 CO2 EMISSIONS FROM fuel COMBUSTION : beyond 2020 documentation (2012 Edition) - 1 INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY CO2 EMISSIONS FROM fuel COMBUSTION documentation FOR beyond 2020 FILES 2 - ENERGY BALANCES OF OECD COUNTRIES (2012 edition) INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Changes from last edition .. 3 2. Definitions .. 5 3. Geographical coverage and country notes .. 32 4. Units and conversions .. 44 5. IEA EMISSIONS estimates .. 47 6. IPCC methodologies .. 54 7. GHG EMISSIONS : sources and methods .. 69 CO2 EMISSIONS FROM fuel COMBUSTION : beyond 2020 documentation (2012 Edition) - 3 INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY 1. CHANGES FROM LAST EDITION Flows Electricity and Heat Output and EMISSIONS per kWh In previous editions of this publication, the IEA has published an indicator for CO2 EMISSIONS per kWh for the electricity and heat generating industries.

2 This indicator was useful as an overall carbon intensity measure of a country s electricity and heat generating sectors, and it was easy to calculate. However, this indicator had a number of drawbacks and the IEA received many requests for electricity-only emission factors. We are pleased to announce that starting with this edition, we have replaced the former indicator with an electricity-only factor expressed in grammes of CO2 per kWh. For a complete description of the methodology used to estimate this indicator, please see Chapter 5. New Name New Code CO2 per kWh of electricity (gCO2 per kWh) CO2 KWH Indicators In this edition, the GDP and GDP PPP series have been rebased from 2000 USD to 2005 USD.

3 As a result, those series and all associated ratios now refer to 2005 USD. Old name New Name Old Code New Code GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) GDP (billion 2005 US dollars) GDP same GDP PPP (billion 2000 US dollars) GDP PPP (billion 2005 US dollars) GDPPPP same CO2 / GDP (kg CO2 per 2000 US dollar) CO2 / GDP (kgCO2 per 2005 US dollar) CO2 GDP same CO2 / GDP PPP (kg CO2 per 2000 US dollar) CO2 / GDP PPP (kgCO2 per 2005 US dollar) CO2 GDPPP same 4 - ENERGY BALANCES OF OECD COUNTRIES (2012 edition)

4 INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY EMISSIONS of CO2, CH4, N2O, HFC, PFC and SF6 (MtCO2 equivalent) In this edition, a new indicator for total GHG EMISSIONS was added and one long name was modified. Old name New Name Old Code New Code Share of energy in total Share of energy in total GHG ESHARE same N/A Total GHG EMISSIONS / GDP PPP N/A GHGGDP Country dimension Starting with this edition, Kosovo and Montenegro are now available separately. Data for Kosovo are avail-able starting in 2000. Between 1990 and 1999, data for Kosovo are included in Serbia. Prior to 1990, they are included in Former Yugoslavia.

5 Data for Montenegro are available starting in 2005. Between 1990 and 2004, data for Montenegro are included in Serbia. Prior to 1990, they are included in Former Yugoslavia. The IEA has also made some small changes in the terminology of countries and regions. The region Latin America and the region Other Latin America have been renamed Non-OECD Americas and Other Non-OECD Americas. Old name New Name Old Code New Code N/A Kosovo N/A KOSOVO N/A Montenegro N/A MONTENEGRO Latin America Non-OECD Americas LATAMER same Other Latin America Other Non-OECD Americas OTHERLATIN same Libya Arab Jamahiriya Libya LIBYA same Aggregated products Old name New Name Old Code New Code Gas Natural Gas

6 GAS NATGAS CO2 EMISSIONS FROM fuel COMBUSTION : beyond 2020 documentation (2012 Edition) - 5 INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY 2. DEFINITIONS CO2 EMISSIONS from fuel COMBUSTION (Mt of CO2) Flow Short name Definition CO2 Sectoral Approach CO2SA Sectoral Approach contains total CO2 EMISSIONS from fuel combus-tion as calculated using the IPCC Tier 1 Sectoral Approach and cor-responds to IPCC Source/Sink Category 1 A. EMISSIONS calculated using a Sectoral Approach include EMISSIONS only when the fuel is actually combusted. Main activity producer of electricity and heat MAINPROD Main activity producer electricity and heat contains the sum of EMISSIONS from main activity producer electricity generation, combined heat and power generation and heat plants.

7 Main activity producers (formerly known as public utilities) are defined as those undertakings whose primary activity is to supply the public. They may be publicly or privately owned. This corresponds to IPCC Source/Sink Category 1 A 1 a. For the CO2 EMISSIONS from fuel COMBUSTION (summary) file, emis-sions from own on-site use of fuel in power plants (EPOWERPLT) are also included. Main activity electricity plants MAINELEC Electricity plants refers to plants which are designed to produce elec-tricity only. If one or more units of the plant is a CHP unit (and the inputs and outputs can not be distinguished on a unit basis) then the whole plant is designated as a CHP plant.

8 Main activity producer (formerly known as public supply undertakings) generate electricity and/or heat for sale to third parties, as their primary activity. They may be privately or publicly owned. Note that the sale need not take place through the public grid. Main activity CHP plants MAINCHP Combined heat and power plants (CHP), refers to plants which are designed to produce both heat and electricity. UNIPEDE refers to these as co-generation power stations. If possible, fuel inputs and electricity/heat outputs are on a unit basis rather than on a plant basis. However, if data are not available on a unit basis, the convention for defining a CHP plant noted above is adopted.

9 Main activity producer (formerly known as public supply undertakings) generate electricity and/or heat for sale to third parties, as their primary activity. They may be privately or publicly owned. Note that the sale need not take place through the public grid. 6 - ENERGY BALANCES OF OECD COUNTRIES (2012 edition) INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY CO2 EMISSIONS from fuel COMBUSTION (Mt of CO2) Flow Short name Definition Main activity heat plants MAINHEAT Heat plants refers to plants designed to produce heat only, which is sold to a third party under the provisions of a contract. The products show the use of primary and secondary fuels in a heat-ing system that transmits and distributes heat from one or more en-ergy source to, among others, residential, industrial, and commercial consumers for space heating, cooking, hot water and industrial proc-esses.

10 Main activity producer (formerly known as public supply undertakings) generate electricity and/or heat for sale to third parties, as their primary activity. They may be privately or publicly owned. Note that the sale need not take place through the public grid. Own use in electricity, CHP and heat plants EPOWERPLT EMISSIONS from own on-site use of fuel in electricity, CHP and heat plants. Unallocated autoproducers AUTOPROD Unallocated autoproducers contains the EMISSIONS from the generation of electricity and/or heat by autoproducers. Autoproducers are defined as undertakings that generate electricity and/or heat, wholly or partly for their own use as an activity which supports their primary activity.