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1 COURSE WORKBOOK Cochrane Health Pro motion and Public Health Field Rebecca Armstrong, Elizabeth Waters on behalf of the Guidelines for systematic Reviews in Health Promotion and Public Health Taskforce. July 2007 Version 2 October 2007 These guidel ines h a ve been deve loped for t he purpose of advising and supporting systema tic reviews of he a lt h Promotion and Public he a l t h interventions wit h in t h e Cochrane Coll abora tion. Re levant publica t ions, conference proceedings (papers, workshops, posters) re la t ing to th e guide lines: 1. Jackson N, Wa ters E, for the Guidel ines for Systema tic Reviews of He a lt h Promotion and Public He a lt h Interventions Taskforce.

2 Guidel ines for Cochrane systemat ic reviews of Public he a lt h interventions. He a l t h Promotion Internat iona l 2005; 20 (4) : 367-74.. 2. Jackson N, Wa ters E; Guide l ines for Systema t ic Reviews of He a lt h Promotion and Public He a lt h Interventions Taskforce. The ch a l lenges of systema t ica l ly reviewing Public he a lt h interventions. J Public He a l t h (Oxf). 2004 Sep;26(3):303-7. 3. Public He a l t h Associa t ion 35th Annual Conference, September 29 to October 1, 2003, Brisbane, Austra l i a . Proffered Paper: "S ystemat ic reviews of he a l t h Promotion and Public he a lt h : recommendat ions of reviewers". 4. Guide l ines for reviewers of he a l t h Promotion and Public he a lt h interventions.

3 XI Cochrane Colloquium, Barce lona, Spa in. 26-31 October, 2003. (Workshop and poster) 5. Guide l ines for Systemat ic Reviews of He a lt h Promotion and Public He a l t h Interventions , The Fourth Annual Campbell Coll abora t ion, Wash ington DC, February 18-20, 2004.(poster) 6. Guide l ines for Systemat ic Reviews of He a lt h Promotion and Public He a l t h Interventions , IUHPE Conference, Melbourne, Austra l i a . 28t h April 2004. (poster) 7. Guide l ines for Systemat ic Reviews of He a lt h Promotion and Public He a l t h Interventions , Austra l asian Contributors Meeting, Cochrane Coll abora t ion, Sydney, Austra l i a , 17-18 June, 2004. ( Workshop) 8. Guide l ines for Systemat ic Reviews of He a lt h Promotion and Public He a l t h Interventions , 12th Cochrane Coll abora t ion Colloquium, Ott awa , Canada, 1-6 October, 2004.

4 ( Workshop and poster) 9. Armstrong R, Wa ters E, Roberts H, Ol iver S, Anderson L and Pett icrew M. Systema tic reviews of he a l t h Promotion and Public he a l t h interventions. In Heggenhougen K, (Ed), Encyclopedia of Public He a l t h (in press). Elsevi er Press. 10. Armstrong R and Wa ters E. Conducting systema t ic reviews of he a lt h Promotion and Public he a lt h interventions. Workshop presented at IUHPE 2007, V ancouver Canada. 11. Armstrong R, Wa ters E, Doy le J. Systema tic reviews of he a l t h Promotion and Public h e a l t h interventions. Worksop presented a t t he X111 Cochrane Colloquium, 22-26 October 2005, Melbourne. How to cite th is version of the guide l ines: Armstrong R, Wa ters E, Jackson N, Ol iver S, Popay J, S hep herd J, Pett icrew M, Anderson L, B a i l ie R, Brunton G, Hawe P, Kristjansson E, Naccarel l a L, Norris S, P iena ar E, Roberts H, Rogers W, Sowden A, Thomas H.

5 Guide l ines for Systemat ic reviews of he a l t h Promotion and Public he a lt h interventions. Version 2. Melbourne University: Austra l i a .October 2007. Feedback on the guide lines is warmly welcomed and can be forwarded to Cochrane @ v iche a l t h .v Summary of Changes to Cochrane HPPH Guidelines Chapter 1: Planning the review The EPPI Centre h as devised some pertinent questions for review te ams to consider wit h regards to planning t h e review . Chapter 2: Study designs to include H ig h l ig h ts some new research funded by the UK Methodology Programme. Th is work wil l exp lore t he imp lica t ions of the choice of study design when estima t ing the effects of policy interventions. Chapter 3: Searching for Health Promotion and Public Health literature D iscusses some of the issues in search ing for qual it a t iv e research.

6 The use of search ing f i lters is discussed. A series of ch anges h ave been made to the recommenda t ions for h andsearch ing. Chapter 4: Quality assessment H ig h l ig h ts a lt as a source for assessing the qual i ty of systema tic reviews. Includes a l ink to the combined work of the Cochrane Qua l it a t iv e Research Methods Group and Campbell Coll abora t ion Process Implementa t ion Methods Group. Chapter 5: Theoretical framework No major ch anges Chapter 6: Integrity of intervention No major ch anges Chapter 7: Heterogeneity in Public Health and Health Promotion reviews No major ch anges Chapter 8: Integrating qualitative and quantitative studies Recommendat ions for review synthesis h a ve been revised. Some recommenda tions around the conduct of narra t ive synthesis h a ve a lso been included.

7 An introduction to the inclusion of qual i t a t ive studies in systema tic reviews is a lso provided. Chapter 9: Ethics and Inequalities S ignif icant re-writ ing to th is ch ap ter h as occurred. Much of th is includes the introduction of more up-to-da te l i tera ture to explore concepts of eth ics and inequa li t ies. Work of the Campbell and Cochrane He a l t h Equity F ie ld is included. Recommendat ions rema in essentia l t he same. Chapter 10: Sustainability A list of issues to consider when reviewing susta inab il i ty of included studies h as now been added to t h is ch ap ter. Chapter 11: Context New papers exploring externa l va l id ity h a ve been included in th is ch ap ter. Chapter 12: Applicability Some questions for assessing the app licab il i ty and transferabi l i ty of interventions h ave been included.

8 Table of contents 1. Planning the 2. Study designs to 3. Searching for Health Promotion and Public Health 4. Quality 5. Theoretical 6. Integrity of 7. Heterogeneity in Public Health and Health Promotion 8. Integrating qualitative and quantitative 9. Ethics, equity and 10. 11. 12. 1 Acknowledgements We are gra teful to the Guidelines for systematic Reviews in Health Promotion and Public Health Taskforce for the formula t ion and writing of sections wit h in these Guidel ines. Taskforce members: Rebecca Armstrong, Cochrane HPPH Group, University of Melbourne, Austra l i a ; Dr. Laurie Anderson, Centers for D isease Control and Prevention, USA, and Aff i l i a t e Assistant Professor, Department of Ep idemiology, School of Public He a l t h , University of Was h ington, USA; Associa te Professor Ross Ba i l ie , NHMRC Senior Research Fe l low, Menzies School of He a l t h Research , Austra l i a ; Ginny Brunton, Evidence for Policy and Practice Informa t ion and Co-ordinat ing Centre, Social Science Research Unit, University of London, UK ; Professor Penny Hawe, Mark in Ch a ir in He a lt h and Socie ty, Department of Community He a l t h Sciences, University of Ca lgary, Canada.

9 N ick i Jackson, Auckland University of Technology Assistant Professor Elizabeth Kristjansson, School of Psychology and Institute of Popula t ion He a l t h , University of Ott awa , Canada; Dr. Lucio Naccare ll a , Department of Public He a lt h and Department of Genera l Pract ice, University of Melbourne, Austra l i a ; Dr. Susan Norris, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA; Dr. S andy Oliver, Re ader in Public Policy, Evidence for Policy and Practice Informa t ion and Co-ordinat ing Centre, Socia l Science Research Unit, University of London, UK; Professor Mark Pett icrew, Associa te D irector MRC Socia l and Public He a l t h Sciences Uni t, UK; Eliz abet h P iena ar, South African Cochrane Centre; Professor Jennie Popay, Professor of Sociology and Public He a lt h , Lancaster University , UK; Professor He len Roberts, City University, UK; Associa te Professor Wendy Rogers, F l inders University, Austra l i a ; Jonat h an S hep herd, Wessex Institute of He a l t h Research and Deve lopment, University of South ampton, UK; Dr Amanda Sowden, Centre for Reviews and Dissemina t ion, University of York, UK.

10 Associa te Professor He len Thomas, School of Nursing, McMaster University , Canada , and Clin ica l Consultant, Hamil ton Department of Public He a l t h and Community Services, Public Hea l t h Education and Deve lopment Program, Canada; Professor Eliz abet h Wa ters, Professoria l Fe l low, Public He a l t h and He a l t h Equity , University of Melbourne, Austra l i a . 2 Foreword These guide l ines complement Sections 3 to 11 of t h e Cochrane Reviewers Handbook (h t tm). The content h as been prepared by he a l t h Promotion and Public he a l t h researchers, decision-makers and practit ioners experienced wit h both t he use and conduct of systema t ic reviews. Wh i le t hese guidel ines were origina l ly deve loped to support t he conduct of systema t ic reviews, t hey are a lso important for t he conduct of primary research and for more informa l reviews of researc h evidence.