Command & Control Countermeasures (C2CM)

1 Army Regulation 525 20 Military OperationsCommand &ControlCountermeasures (C2CM) Headquarter sDepartment of the ArmyWashington, DC31 July 1992 UnclassifiedSUMMARY of CHANGEAR 525 20 Command & Control Countermeasures ( c2cm )This revision--o Establishes the basis for Army Command & Control Countermeasures Specifies responsibilities for principle officials Headquarters, Departmentof Army and major army Changes Army C3CM policy to c2cm as found in Army doctrine FM Prescribes planning guidance for implementation of the c2cm Provides guidelines for security classification and downgrading for of the ArmyWashington, DC31 July 1992 Military OperationsCommand & Control Countermeasures ( c2cm )*Army Regulation 525 20 Effective 31 August 1992H i s t o r y . T h i s u p d a t e p r i n t i n g p u b l i s h e s ar e v i s i o n o f t h i s p u b l i c a t i o n . B e c a u s e t h epublication has been extensively revised, thechanged portions have not been This regulation implements as-signed service tasks from JCS Memorandumof Policy No.

2 30. It sets forth Army policyf o r C o m m a n d , a n d C o n t r o l , C o u n t e r m e a s -ures, establishes responsibility for c2cm , in-c o r p o r a t e s r e v i s e d d e f i n i t i o n o f e l e c t r o n i cwarfare, clarifies c2cm terminology, and up-dates references and definitions. This regula-t i o n r e p r e s e n t s a s i g n i f i c a n t c h a n g e i nemphasis from joint C3CM policy while sup-porting its intent to achieve synergism fromf i r e s u p p o r t , e l e c t r o n i c w a r f a r e , d e c e p t i o nand operations This regulation applies to theA c t i v e A r m y , U . S . A r m y R e s e r v e , a n dArmy National r o p o n e n t a n d e x c e p t i o n a u t h o r i t y .The proponent of this regulation is the Dep-uty Chief of Staff for Operations and DCSOPS has the authority to approveexceptions to this regulation which are con-sistent with controlling law and DCSOPS may delegate this authority inwriting to a division chief within the propo-nent agency who holds the rank of colonel orthe civilian equivalent.

3 The approval author-ity will coordinate all questions regarding thescope of authority to approve exceptions withHQDA, OTJAG, ATTN: DAJA AL, Wash-ington, 20310 r m y m a n a g e m e n t c o n t r o l p r o c e s s .This regulation is not subject to the internalcontrol procedures and requirements of AR11 2 Internal Control Supplementation of thisr e g u l a t i o n a n d e s t a b l i s h m e n t o f c o m m a n dand local forms are prohibited without priora p p r o v a l f r o m H Q D A ( D A M O F D I ) ,WASH, DC 20310 changes. Interim changes to thisr e g u l a t i o n a r e n o t o f f i c i a l u n l e s s a u t h e n t i -cated by the Administrative Assistant to theSecretary of the Army. Users will destroyinterim changes on their expiration dates ifthe changes are not superseded or u g g e s t e d I m p r o v e m e n t s.

4 T h e p r o p o -nent agency of this regulation is the Office ofthe Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations andPlans. Users are invited to send commentsa n d s u g g e s t i o n s f o r i m p r o v e m e n t o n D AForm 2028 (Recommended Changes to Publi-cations and Blank Forms) directly to HQDA(DAMO FDI), WASH, DC 20310 Distribution of this publica-tion is made in accordance with the require-ments of DA Form 12 09 E, block number3517 intended for Command level C for Ac-tive Army, USAR, and ARNG, less MDW,COE, HSC, and (Listed by paragraph and page number)Chapter 1 Introduction, page 1 Purpose 1 1, page 1 References 1 2, page 1 Explanation of abbreviations and terms 1 3, page 1C2CM versus Command , Control , and communicationscountermeasures (C3CM) 1 4, page 1 General 1 5, page 1C2CM Strategy 1 6, page 1C2CM Program Objectives 1 7, page 1 Army Goals for c2cm Strategy Implementation 1 8, page 1 Chapter 2 Responsibilities, page 2 Section IPrincipal Officials of Headquarters, Department of Army, page 2 Assistant Secretary of the Army, (Research Development andAcquisition (ASA (RDA)) 2 1, page 2 The Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations and Plans (DCSOPS) 2 2, page 2 The Deputy Chief of Staff for Personnel (DCSPER) 2 3, page 2 The Deputy Chief of Staff for Logistics (DCSLOG) 2 4, page 2 The Deputy Chief of Staff for Intelligence (DCSINT) 2 5,page 2 The Director of Information Systems for Command , Control ,Communications, and Computers (DISC4) 2 6, page 2 The Commander, United States Army Operational Test andEvaluation Command (OPTEC))

5 2 7, page 3 Section IICommanders of Major Army Commands, page 3 The Commanding General, United States Army Training andDoctrine Command (CG, TRADOC) 2 8, page 3 The Commanding General, United States Army Materiel Command (CG, AMC) 2 9, page 3 The Commanding General, United States Army Intelligence andSecurity Command (INSCOM) 2 10, page 3 The Commanding General, United States Army InformationSystems Command (CG, USAISC) 2 11, page 3* This publication supersedes AR 525 20, 1 July 525 20 31 July 1992iUnclassifiedContents ContinuedThe Commanders, Army tactical and operational level commands 2 12, page 3 Chapter 3 Strategy Implementation, page 4 General 3 1, page 4 Planning Guidelines 3 2, page 4 Specific intentions of c2cm planning 3 3, page 4 Planning Authorities 3 4, page 5 Security Classification Guidance 3 5, page 5 Appendix , page 6 Figure ListFigure 3 1:, page 4 GlossaryIndexiiAR 525 20 31 July 1992 Chapter 1 Introduction1 1.

6 PurposeThis regulation defines c2cm , describes its role in combat opera-t i o n s , i d e n t i f i e s o b j e c t i v e s , p r e s c r i b e s p o l i c y , a n d a s s i g n 2. ReferencesRequired and related publications are listed in Appendix 3. Explanation of abbreviations and termsAbbreviations and terms used in this regulation are explained in 4. c2cm versus Command , Control , andcommunications Countermeasures (C3CM)Modern military communications are important to the timely execu-tion and coordination of battlefield operations. Communications arenot the focus of the Army c2cm strategy whereas Command andcontrol targets are the focus using direct and indirect means to deny,disrupt, degrade, and destroy. Influencing the enemies Command andcontrol functions can delay or deny the proper concentration ofc o m b a t p o w e r . C o m m a n d a n d c o n t r o l f u n c t i o n s a r e p e r f o r m e dthrough an arrangement of personnel, equipment, facilities, and pro-cedures employed by the commander in planning, directing, coordi-nating, and controlling forces to accomplish the mission.

7 Therefore,the c2cm strategy attacks and influences the C2 means to gatherintelligence, assess options, formulate plans, and issue or executeorders. Communications are one means to maintain C2 of forces,weapons, and battlefield 5. Generala . U S A r m y c o m m a n d e r s w i l l e m p l o y a p p r o p r i a t e a s s e t s t ocounter enemy C2 and to protect friendly C2 from similar enemyactivities with direct and indirect measures. The means by which C2and counter C2 measures are employed vary and encompass severalbattlefield operating systems (BOS) and Resources to support the c2cm concept are found throughoutthe force. These resources include, but are not limited to, destruction(Fire Support), electronic warfare (EW), military deception, intelli-gence, counterintelligence, operations security, special operations,and other military Knowledge of critical nodes (see glossary), as associated withhigh value target (HVT), and key connectivity links in the enemyand friendly C2 systems are essential to the planning and executionof US and allied c2cm .

8 The Joint Command HVT list is a JointStaff responsibility in coordination with component commands. As-sistance in developing this list is available through the DefenseIntelligence Agency (DIA) Tailored Analytical Intelligence Supportto Individual EW program and Command , Control , Communicationsand Countermeasures (C3CM) Projects (TASIP) program. Doctrinalcombat/integrating developers at the Combined Arms Center (CAC)and service schools produce HVT lists during the system threatassessment Intelligence and threat analysis support is required for opti-mum c2cm planning, system development, and operations. Opera-tional commanders must weigh the advantages to be gained bycountering enemy C2 nodes against the potential loss of intelligencefrom intercepted enemy emissions particularly those from highercommand echelons and the need to protect intelligence sourcesand 6. c2cm StrategyC2CM is the integrated use of lethal and non-lethal means, OPSEC,and military deception against the enemy s Command and Control (C2) capabilities.

9 Integration of c2cm denies effective execution ofplans and orders by the enemy, impedes or denies accomplishmentof military objectives, and conserves friendly combat resources. Theresulting outcome is to cause the enemy commander to reassesscombat plans and A military force that builds a c2cm capability with propertraining and resources will pose a very serious threat to an enemycommander s ability to execute successful combat operations. Deg-radation of electronic surveillance and target acquisition capabilitieshelp prevent the effective deployment of combat forces and accurateemployment of combat weapons. Disruption of C2 means will denythe ability to recover quickly from battle attacks or effective exploi-tation by maneuvering units. The presentation of false data to intelli-gence elements will cause confusion in the allocation of combatelements and prevent effective employment of these resources dur-ing critical combat engagements.

10 Destruction of key facilities, com-mand posts, and weapon Control points will seriously influence theoutcome of combat operations. In essence, C2 CMs deny, degrade,disrupt, or destroy the complete use of key C2 capabilities.( 1 ) D i r e c t M e a s u r e s ( s e e t e r m s , g l o s s a r y ) c o u n t e r t h e e n e m ycommander s means of controlling battlefield functions, using bothlethal and non-lethal attack capabilities against troop Control centersa n d m e a n s , w e a p o n s y s t e m s c o n t r o l c e n t e r s a n d f i r e d i r e c t i o nmeans, reconnaissance systems, and force Command planning cen-ters, including commanders and their staffs. Direct measures denyeffective use of the means for C2.(2) Indirect Measures (see terms, glossary) protect friendly com-mand and Control from both friendly and adversary actions. Thesemeasures include OPSEC and military deception and are used todeny accurate and timely information about friendly forces or pres-ent false information about those forces.