Transcription of Common Laboratory Values - Pediatric Dentistry
1 406 RESOURCE SECTIONREFERENCE MANUAL V 37 / NO 6 15 / 16 Common Laboratory ValuesCBCTestNormal valueFunctionSignificanceHemoglobin12-18 g/100 mLMeasures oxygen carrying capacity of bloodLow: hemorrhage, anemia High: polycythemiaHematocrit35%-50%Measures relative volume of cells and plasma in bloodLow: hemorrhage, anemia High: polycythemia, dehydrationRed blood cell4-6 million/mm3 Measures oxygen-carrying capacity of bloodLow: hemorrhage, anemia High: polycythemia, heart disease, pulmonary diseaseWhite blood cell Infant 4-7 y 8-18 y 8,000-15,000/mm3 6,000-15,000/mm3 4,500-13,500/mm3 Measures host defense against inflammatory agentsLow: aplastic anemia, drug toxicity, specific infections High: inflammation, trauma, toxicity, leukemiaDiffential CountTestNormal valueSignificanceNeutrophils54%-62% Increase in bacterial infections, hemorrhage, diabetic acidosisLymphocytes25%-30%Viral and bacterial infections, acute and chronic lymphocytic leukemia, antigen reactionEosinophils1%-3%Increase in parasitic and allergic conditions, blood dyscrasias, pernicious anemiaBasophils1%Increase in types of blood dyscrasiasMonocytes0%-9%Hodgkin s disease, lipid storage disease, recovery from severe infections, monocytic leukemiaAbsolute Neutrophil Count (ANC)CalculationNormal valueSignificance(% Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes + % Bands) x Total White Cell Count 100>1500<1000 Patient at increased risk for infection.
2 Defer elective dental careBleeding ScreenTestNormal valueFunctionSignificanceProthrombin time1-18 secMeasures extrinsic clotting of bloodProlonged in liver disease, impaired Vitamin K production, surgical trauma with blood lossPartial thrombo- plastin timeBy Laboratory controlMeasures intrinsic clotting of blood, congenital clotting disordersProlonged in hemophilia A, B, and C and Von Willebrand s diseasePlatelets140,000-340,000/mLMeasur es clotting potentialIncreased in polycythemia, leukemia, severe hemorrhage; decreased in thrombocytopenia purpuraBleeding time1-6 minMeasures quality of plateletsProlonged in thrombocytopeniaInternational Normalized Ratio (INR)Without anticoagulant therapy: 1; Anticoagulant therapy target range: 2-3 Measures extrinsic clotting functionIncreased with anticoagulant therapyUrinalysisTestNormal valueFunctionSignificanceVolume1,000-2,0 00 mL/dayIncreased in diabetes mellitus, chronic nephritisSpecific the degree of tubular reabsorption and dehydrationIncreased in diabetes mellitus.
3 Decreased in acute nephritis, diabetes insipidus, aldosteronismpH6-8 Reflects acidosis and alkalosisAcidic: diabetes, acidosis, prolonged fever Alkaline: urinary tract infection, alkalosisCasts1-2 per high power fieldRenal tubule degeneration occurring in cardiac failure, pregnancy, and hemogobinuric-nephrosisElectrolytesTestN ormal valueFunctionSignificanceSodium (Na)135-147 mEqIncreased in Crushing s syndromePotassium (K) mEqIncreased in tissue breakdownBicarbonate (HCO3)24-30 mEqReflects acid-base balanceChloride (Cl)100-106 mEqIncreased in renal disease and hypertensio
