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Competitiveness in Tourism Indicators for Measuring - OECD

Please cite this paper as:Dupeyras, A. and N. MacCallum (2013), Indicators forMeasuring Competitiveness in Tourism : A GuidanceDocument , OECD Tourism Papers, 2013/02, Tourism Papers 2013/02 Indicators for MeasuringCompetitiveness in TourismA GUIDANCE DOCUMENTA lain Dupeyras, Neil MacCallum OECD Tourism PAPERS: Indicators FOR Measuring Competitiveness IN Tourism : A GUIDANCE DOCUMENT This work is published on the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Organisation or of the governments of its member countries. This document and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area.

A B O U T | 3 OECD TOURISM PAPERS – GREEN INNOVATION IN TOURISM SERVICES - ©OECD ABOUT THE OECD The OECD is a multi-disciplinary inter-governmental organisation of 34 member countries which engages in its work an increasing number of non-members from all regions of the world.

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Transcription of Competitiveness in Tourism Indicators for Measuring - OECD

1 Please cite this paper as:Dupeyras, A. and N. MacCallum (2013), Indicators forMeasuring Competitiveness in Tourism : A GuidanceDocument , OECD Tourism Papers, 2013/02, Tourism Papers 2013/02 Indicators for MeasuringCompetitiveness in TourismA GUIDANCE DOCUMENTA lain Dupeyras, Neil MacCallum OECD Tourism PAPERS: Indicators FOR Measuring Competitiveness IN Tourism : A GUIDANCE DOCUMENT This work is published on the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Organisation or of the governments of its member countries. This document and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area.

2 OECD 2013 You can copy, download or print OECD content for your own use, and you can include excerpts from OECD publications, databases and multimedia products in your own documents, presentations, blogs, websites and teaching materials, provided that suitable acknowledgment of OECD as source and copyright owner is given. All requests for commercial use and translation rights should be submitted to A B O U T | 3 OECD Tourism PAPERS GREEN INNOVATION IN Tourism SERVICES - OECD ABOUT THE OECD The OECD is a multi-disciplinary inter-governmental organisation of 34 member countries which engages in its work an increasing number of non-members from all regions of the world.

3 The Organisation s core mission today is to help governments work together towards a stronger, cleaner, fairer global economy. Through its network of 250 specialised committees and working groups, the OECD provides a setting where governments compare policy experiences, seek answers to common problems, identify good practice, and co-ordinate domestic and international policies. The OECD member countries are: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Chile, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, the Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States.

4 The European Commission takes part in the work of the OECD. ABOUT THE Tourism COMMITTEE The OECD has a long-standing expertise on Tourism . Tourism is located in the OECD Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs and Local Development (CFE). The Tourism Committee, created in 1948, acts as the OECD forum for exchange, and for monitoring policies and structural changes affecting the development of domestic and international Tourism . It actively promotes the sustainable economic growth of Tourism . Addressing the major challenges faced by the Tourism industry, and maximising Tourism 's full economic potential, requires an integrated and multi-faceted approach to Tourism policy development across many government levels and departments.

5 In this environment, OECD members see considerable benefit in co-operating to address economic, sustainability and employment issues, and promote Tourism policy performance and evaluation, innovation and liberalisation of Tourism . A closer co-operation with major emerging economies is also seen as being critical to achieving a strong impact with this work. The website of the Tourism Committee provides detailed information about the OECD activities on Tourism . ABOUT THE PAPER Mature Tourism economies need to regain Competitiveness as a new source of growth. Active policies require a good understanding of the determinants of Competitiveness . This measurement framework includes a short list of core and additional Indicators to guide governments in their analysis of Tourism Competitiveness and to inform Tourism policy development.

6 This framework is to be considered by countries as a toolkit and a guide. Pilot testing of the Indicators will drive the work forward. The report was reviewed and approved by the OECD Tourism Committee on 10 April 2013. AC K N O W L E D GM E N T S | 4 OECD Tourism PAPERS Indicators FOR Measuring Competitiveness IN Tourism - OECD ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Alain Dupeyras, Head of Tourism , OECD, co-ordinated the project on the Indicators for Measuring Competitiveness in Tourism . This report has been drafted by Mr Neil MacCallum and the OECD Secretariat It has benefited from the inputs of numerous members and partners ( case studies, comments, drafting suggestions) and from the support of the informal experts group on Competitiveness issues.

7 The work has benefited from a large and participative process. 30 member and partner countries (Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Czech republic, Denmark, Egypt, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovak republic, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom) provided information on their work in this area. The work has also benefited from inputs from the OECD units on Monitoring Well-Being and Progress and on Purchasing Power Parities. Two informal meetings of experts on Measuring Competitiveness in Tourism have also been organised to allow a detailed discussion of the issues, to more closely associate partner organisations, and to examine OECD work under development: An informal meeting of experts and country representatives held in Vienna on 27-28 June 2012 was hosted by the Austrian Federal Ministry of Economy, Family and Youth and Statistics Austria.

8 A second informal meeting of experts was held in Paris on 18 January 2013, hosted by the OECD. This meeting provided feedback and a summary of comments and suggestions from recent country consultations and telephone discussions on updating the framework and choice of core Indicators . From this discussion, the choice of core and additional Indicators was clarified. Other organisations have also participated in the development of the work and have provided feedback, comments and inputs [UNEP, World Economic Forum, Exceltur (Spain), International Center of Studies on the Tourist Economy (CISET), Institute for Tourism Research in Northern Europe (NIT) and Chemonics]. O V E R V I E W | 5 OECD Tourism PAPERS Indicators FOR Measuring Competitiveness IN Tourism - OECD TABLE OF CONTENTS OVERVIEW.

9 6 Measuring Competitiveness IN Tourism .. 10 THE Indicators .. 17 CORE Indicators .. 18 1. Tourism Direct Gross Domestic Product .. 18 2. Inbound Tourism revenues per visitor by source market .. 20 3. Overnights in all types of accommodation .. 22 4. Exports of Tourism services .. 24 5. Labour productivity in Tourism services .. 26 6. Purchasing Power Parities (PPPs) and Tourism prices .. 28 7. Country entry visa requirements .. 30 8. Natural resources and biodiversity .. 32 9. Cultural and creative resources .. 34 10. Visitor 36 11. National Tourism Action Plan .. 38 SUPPLEMENTARY Indicators .. 40 Market diversification and growth markets .. 40 Employment in Tourism by age, education levels and type of contracts .. 42 Consumer price index for Tourism .

10 44 Air connectivity and inter-modality .. 46 OECD Better Life Index .. 48 FUTURE DEVELOPMENT Indicators .. 50 Government budget appropriations for Tourism .. 50 Company mortality rate .. 52 Use of e- Tourism and other innovative services .. 53 Structure of Tourism supply chains .. 55 AREAS FOR DEVELOPMENT .. 56 MOVING FORWARD: THE PILOT TESTING OF THE Indicators .. 59 REFERENCES .. 60 Tables Table 1. Key elements defining Competitiveness in Tourism .. 16 Table 2. List of Core, Supplementary and Future Development Indicators .. 17 Boxes Box 1. Defining Competitiveness in Tourism .. 14 O V E R V I E W | 6 OECD Tourism PAPERS Indicators FOR Measuring Competitiveness IN Tourism - OECD OVERVIEW Tourism is recognised as one of the key sectors of development in all countries and a major source of income, jobs and wealth creation.


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