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Composition limits of H-13 based on the AISI/ UNS (T20813 ...

Composition limits of H-13 based on the AISI/ H-13, which leads to a UNS (T20813) standards are (mass %): C, Mn, Si, Cr, greater dispersion of vanadium carbides Fe max Ni, Mo, V, max Cu, and higher wear max P, and max S. Where specified, as resistance. The H-13. Cr resulfurized H-13, sulfur may be increased to steel also has a slightly to improve machinability. wider range of the Mo Besides the standard H-13 grade, various modified, other principal premium, and superior grades of H-13 are alloying elements, V. available from hot work steel producers, usually allowing producers with limiting phosphorus and/or sulfur levels flexibility in tailoring C. that are below the standard Composition limits mechanical properties to improve toughness and thermal fatigue for given heat resistance and containing principle alloying treatments and applications.

acceptance for hot work dies and tooling differ depending on the industry. 1.4.1 [Table] Standard AISI/UNS chemical composition of H-13 steel and typical compositions of specially produced commercial grades of H-13

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Transcription of Composition limits of H-13 based on the AISI/ UNS (T20813 ...

1 Composition limits of H-13 based on the AISI/ H-13, which leads to a UNS (T20813) standards are (mass %): C, Mn, Si, Cr, greater dispersion of vanadium carbides Fe max Ni, Mo, V, max Cu, and higher wear max P, and max S. Where specified, as resistance. The H-13. Cr resulfurized H-13, sulfur may be increased to steel also has a slightly to improve machinability. wider range of the Mo Besides the standard H-13 grade, various modified, other principal premium, and superior grades of H-13 are alloying elements, V. available from hot work steel producers, usually allowing producers with limiting phosphorus and/or sulfur levels flexibility in tailoring C. that are below the standard Composition limits mechanical properties to improve toughness and thermal fatigue for given heat resistance and containing principle alloying treatments and applications.

2 Premium and elements in particular ranges that may be outside superior grades of H-13 have carefully controlled the T20813 standard. Also, the premium grades compositions with low levels of sulfur and of H-13 within T20813 Composition limits are phosphorus and are produced by special melting, generally produced by special refining and refining, and hot forging/rolling schedules metallurgical practices to control microstructure primarily to achieve a fine microstructure and and especially carbide size and distribution. improve toughness and thermal fatigue resistance over conventionally produced H-13 grades. In a few cases, some H-13 producers employ long General term, high temperature, homogenization techniques with controlled cooling to refine the This medium alloy, martensitic, air hardening, carbide distribution and produce a more isotropic ultrahigh-strength steel is similar to H-11 and H- microstructure.

3 Powder/particle metallurgy 11 Mod in Composition , heat treatment, and many grades of H-13 are available with significantly properties. The steels H-11, H-11 Mod, and H-13 refined distributions of carbides and sulfides (for exhibit several properties that are important in the high sulfur, free machining grade) to airframe and landing gear applications, including improve toughness and thermal fatigue and the ability to be heat treated to an ultimate tensile wear resistance relative to conventional H-13 steel strength of 300 ksi while having excellent thermal that is normally produced by ingot metallurgy. shock resistance. These grades are typically Careful consideration of H-13 supply will assure hardened by austenitizing and cooling in air, a cost effective selection of steel grade for a given flowing inert gas, oil, or hot salt bath.

4 Upon application. tempering, they show secondary hardness Due to its good temper resistance and ability to maxima in their tempering curves and, upon maintain high hardness and strength at elevated being double or triple tempered at 1050-1100F, temperatures, H-13 is one of the most widely typically develop the combination of high hardness used hot work die and mold materials for (44-48 Rc) and high room temperature ultimate nonferrous and ferrous casting and hot forming tensile strength (220-250 ksi) combined with operations or for molding of plastics. Dies and good fracture toughness and maximum fatigue tools made of H-13 can withstand working strength at room and elevated temperatures. temperatures of 1000F or more. The steel has H-13 steel is not as commonly used as H-11 Mod deep hardening characteristics, thereby allowing as a constructional steel in ultrahigh-strength large sections to be cooled in still or fan stirred air applications, although it can be substituted for or by pressurized inert gas from austenitizing H-11 Mod in cases where availability or the slightly temperatures.

5 It is the preferred material for better wear resistance and other characteristics of aluminum and magnesium die casting dies as H-13 offer advantages. well as for many other hot work die and tooling All these steels are susceptible to hydrogen applications, , extrusion tools and containers, embrittlement and, in structural applications, hot forging and stamping dies, hot shear blades, must be protected with a corrosion-resistant and plastic molds, where good thermal fatigue, coating, even in mild atmospheric environments. hot erosion and wear resistance, and ability to Similarly, they must be protected against oxidation maintain hot hardness during operations at if exposed to air for prolonged periods of time at temperatures up to 1000F or higher are important. temperatures above 750F.

6 Due to the good thermal shock resistance of H-13. The main compositional difference between H-13 in hardened tempers, dies and tools may be and H-11 Mod is higher vanadium content in 1230 | Page 1. internally water cooled in service to prevent Specifications undue softening. In many cases, H-13 hot work ASTM E45 Method A. dies are nitrided or hard coated by other means ASTM E114. to improve wear resistance. (Refs. 1 2). ASTM A388. Commercial Designations ASTM A597. H-13 ASTM A681. H13 (Alternatively) SAE J437a AISI H-13 SAE J438b Premium AISI H-13 SAE J467. ASTM H-13 UNS T20813. SAE H-13 CAST UNS T90813. Material No. FED-QQ-T570. 40 CrMoV5 UNE 36072/2. Cast Grade CH-13 BS 4659 BH-13 (UK). GX40 CrMoV5-1 BS 4659 H-13 (UK). X40 CrMoV5 EN ISO 4957: 2000 XCrMoV5-1. AFNOR NFA35-590 Z 40 CVD 5 (France).

7 Other Designations DIN (Germany). ESR H-13 (ESR Electroslag Remelted). DIN 17350 (Germany). 8407 SUPREME (Assab). JIS SKD61 (Japan). 8407 2M (Assab). UNI X 35 CrMoV 05 KU (Italy). Orvar Superior (Bohler-Uddeholm). SS 2242 (Sweden). Orvar 2M (Bohler-Uddeholm). DC-9999-1 (GM Powertrain Group). W302 SUPERIOR (Bohler Uddeholm). AMTD-DC2010 (FORD Advanced Manufacturing ISOBLOC (Bohler Uddeholm). Technology Development). No. 883 (Carpenter). Extendo-Die (modified H-13 Composition by Composition Carpenter) The Composition of H-13 can vary depending on Pyrotough 78 (modified H-13 Composition by the grade selected and particular offerings of Carpenter) specialty steel suppliers, who typically produce Nu-Die V (Crucible Specialty Metals) standard H-13 but may also produce premium and superior grades of H-13 that have lower than Nu-Die XL (Crucible Specialty Metals).

8 Minimum levels of phosphorus and sulfur, are Nu-Die ESR (Crucible Specialty Metals) specially refined, usually by vacuum arc remelting DH2F (International Mold Steel) (VAR), to reduce segregation and inclusions, MTEK T90813 (MetalTek) lower gas (N, O, H) levels, and spheroidize non- THYROTHERM 2344 EFS (ThyssenKrupp metallics. Special forging practices are used on H- Specialty Steels) 13 steel to break up coarse alloy carbides and achieve a fine microstructure. Modified versions THYROTHERM 2344 EFS SUPRA. of H-13 are also available from different H-13. (ThyssenKrupp Specialty Steels). steel producers with some alloying elements THYROTHERM 2367 SUPRA ESR falling outside of the standard T20813 H-13. (ThyssenKrupp Specialty Steels) Composition range in order to impart special THYROTHERM 2344 ESR MAGNUM properties for particular applications (Refs.)

9 4 21). (ThyssenKrupp Specialty Steels). As H-13 steel is so widely used in die casting VDC H-13 (Timken Latrobe Steel. Timken sold dies, which require high die life to reach break- Latrobe in December 2006, and it is now Latrobe even costs, the North American Die Casting Specialty Steels) Association (NADCA) has specified compositions TLS H-13 PQ (TLS Timken Latrobe Steel. for both premium and superior grades of H-13 in Timken sold Latrobe in December 2006, and it is their steel acceptance criteria and permissible now Latrobe Specialty Steels) limits of microcleanliness (Table ). (Ref. 4). LSS H-13 (Latrobe Specialty Steels) However, requirements for other applications are LSS H-13 PQ (Latrobe Specialty Steels) not as critical, and the standards for H-13 steel 1230 | Page 2. acceptance for hot work dies and tooling differ distribution of spheroidized carbides when depending on the industry.

10 Viewed at 500x after etching with 5% Nital. The [Table] Standard AISI/ UNS chemical numbering of the acceptable annealed Composition of H-13 steel and typical compositions microstructures from AS1 to AS9 does not denote of specially produced commercial grades of H-13 a quality ranking, but shows typical variations steel available from specialty steel companies within thick die blocks of H-13 steel. (Ref. 4). (Refs. 1 21) Banding microsegregation, indicative of alternating layers of different Composition [Table] Chemical Composition (weight %). aligned in the direction of primary hot working, of critical alloying elements and impurities in is also typically monitored in annealed H-13 steel premium and superior quality grades of H-13. blocks, and excessive banding microsegregation steel (Ref.)