Copyright Law in the EU

1 STUDY EPRS | European Parliamentary Research Service Comparative Law Library Unit June 2018 - PE Copyright Law in the EU Salient features of Copyright law across the EU Member States EPRS | European Parliamentary Research Service Copyright LAW IN THE EU: SALIENT FEATURES OF Copyright LAW ACROSS THE EU MEMBER STATES I. BELGIUM XI. CROATIA XXI. POLAND II. BULGARIA XII. ITALY XXII. PORTUGAL III. CZECH REPUBLIC XIII. CYPRUS XXIII. ROMANIA IV. DENMARK XIV. LATVIA XXIV. SLOVENIA V. GERMANY XV. LITHUANIA XXV. SLOVAKIA VI. ESTONIA XVI. LUXEMBOURG XXVI. FINLAND VII. IRELAND XVII. HUNGARY XXVII. SWEDEN VIII. GREECE XVIII. MALTA XXVIII. UNITED KINGDOM IX. SPAIN XIX. NETHERLANDS X. FRANCE XX. AUSTRIA STUDY June 2018 Abstract As part of the mission to provide the Members and Committees of the European Parliament with new research tools in the area of comparative law, this document presents salient features of Copyright law across the EU Member States and, more in particular, the prima facie corresponding provisions in national law relating to the exceptions and limitations contained in Directives 2001/29/EC and 2012/28/EU.

2 The document will be updated regularly, especially in its electronic version, to take account of new or modified provisions of national law in relation to mandatory or optional exceptions and limitations deriving from existing or future EU legislation. Copyright Law in the EU Belgium II AUTHORS Martine Hebette (Belgium and France); Lora Velikova-Maldzhanska and Orlin Denkov (Bulgaria); Dorota Rodriguez-Szurman (Czech Republic); Ulrik Spliid (Denmark); Eva Ulbrich and Michael Schonger (Germany); Joel Hirv and Moonika Arras (Estonia); Vaia Vaena, Efstathia Papaioannou and Andreas Karapatakis (trainee) (Greece); Raquel Valls Sole, Virginia Bustos Lazaro and Fern n Rodriguez Armesto (trainee) (Spain); Sabina Dipalo (Croatia); Lucio Mastrosimone (Italy); Violeta Rakovska (Lithuania); Stephanie Fenech (Malta); Silvia Romein and Thomas Scheir (Netherlands); Bartosz Feder (Poland); Andreea Puiu (Romania); An e Ogrinc (Slovenia); Robert Spisiak, Livia Lovasova and Zuzana Alexandre (Slovakia); Gunilla P hlsson Bluhm (Sweden); Adeline Morris (United Kingdom).

3 With support from Andreea Puiu (coordination and editorial revision), Stephanie Fenech (editorial revision), Daniel Roescu (editorial revision and proofreading) and Aurelija Cerneviciene (proofreading). ADMINISTRATORS RESPONSIBLE Prof Dr Ignacio D ez Parra, Head of the Comparative Law Library Unit, directorate for the Library, directorate -General for Parliamentary Research Services (DG EPRS). To contact the Unit, please send an e-mail to: Philipp Reifenrath, Head of Legislative quality Unit C - Citizens' Rights, directorate for Legislative Acts, directorate -General for the Presidency (DG Presidency). To contact the Unit, please send an e-mail to: ABOUT THE PUBLISHER This study has been drawn up under the aegis of the Comparative Law Library Unit (DG EPRS) of the Secretariat of the European Parliament, by the directorate for Legislative Acts, DG Presidency. LINGUISTIC VERSIONS: Original: EN.

4 This document is available online at: (intranet) (internet) (blog) DISCLAIMER This document is prepared for, and addressed to, the Members and staff of the European Parliament as background material to assist them in their parliamentary work. The content of the document is the sole responsibility of its author(s) and any opinions expressed herein should not be taken to represent an official position of the Parliament. Reproduction and translation for non-commercial purposes are authorised, provided the source is acknowledged and the unit responsible is given prior notice and sent a copy Manuscript completed in June 2018. Brussels European Union, 2018. PE ISBN 978-92-846-3230-5 QA-01-18-763-EN-N Copyright Law in the EU III Table of contents Summary and methodology .. 1 Introduction .. 2 Sources of Copyright law in the EU .. 2 International law.

5 2 Union law ..2 National law ..3 I. Belgium .. 2 Applicable national legal framework ..2 Constitution ..2 Copyright law ..2 Copyright ..3 Definition and content ..3 Author ..6 Protected works ..7 Exceptions and limitations to Copyright protection ..7 II. Bulgaria .. 18 Applicable national legal framework .. 18 Constitution .. 18 Copyright Law .. 18 Copyright .. 18 Definition and content .. 18 Author .. 22 Protected works .. 23 Exceptions and limitations to Copyright protection .. 24 III. Czech Republic .. 32 Applicable national legal framework .. 32 Charter of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms .. 32 Copyright Law .. 32 Copyright .. 33 Definition and content .. 33 Author .. 38 Protected works and exceptions to Copyright protection .. 39 Exceptions and limitations to Copyright protection .. 41 IV. Denmark .. 52 Applicable national legal framework .. 52 Constitution .. 52 Copyright Law .. 52 Copyright Law in the EU Belgium IV Copyright .

6 53 Definition and content .. 53 Author .. 55 Protected works .. 55 Exceptions and limitations to Copyright protection .. 56 V. Germany .. 68 Applicable national legal framework .. 68 Constitution .. 68 Copyright law .. 68 Copyright .. 69 Definition and content .. 69 Author .. 71 Protected works .. 71 Exceptions and limitations to Copyright protection .. 73 VI. Estonia .. 90 Applicable national legal framework .. 90 Constitution .. 90 Copyright Law .. 91 Copyright .. 92 Definition and content .. 92 Author .. 96 Protected works .. 97 Exceptions and limitations to Copyright protection .. 99 VII. Ireland .. 112 VIII. Greece .. 113 Applicable national legal framework .. 113 Constitution .. 113 Copyright Law .. 114 Copyright .. 115 Definition and content .. 115 Author .. 118 Protected works .. 119 Exceptions and limitations to Copyright protection .. 120 IX. 131 Applicable national legal framework.

7 131 Constitution .. 131 Copyright law .. 132 Copyright .. 133 Definition and content .. 133 Copyright Law in the EU V Author .. 142 Protected works .. 143 Exceptions and limitations to Copyright protection .. 145 X. France .. 171 Applicable national legal framework .. 171 Constitution .. 171 Copyright law .. 171 Copyright .. 172 Definition and content .. 172 Author .. 176 Protected works .. 176 Exceptions and limitations to Copyright protection .. 178 XI. Croatia .. 188 Applicable national legal framework .. 188 Constitution .. 188 Copyright law .. 188 Organisation .. 188 Copyright .. 188 Definition and content .. 188 Author .. 189 Protected works .. 190 Exceptions and limitations to Copyright protection .. 192 XII. Italy .. 201 Applicable national legal framework .. 201 Constitution .. 201 Copyright law .. 201 Copyright .. 201 Definition and content .. 201 Author .. 203 Protected works.

8 204 Exceptions and limitations to Copyright protection .. 206 XIII. Cyprus .. 213 Applicable national legal framework .. 213 Constitution .. 213 Copyright Law .. 213 Copyright .. 213 Definition and content .. 213 Author .. 214 Copyright Law in the EU Belgium VI Protected works .. 215 Exceptions and limitations to Copyright protection .. 217 XIV. Latvia .. 224 XV. Lithuania .. 225 Applicable national legal framework .. 225 Constitution .. 225 Copyright Law .. 225 Copyright .. 226 Definition and content .. 226 Author .. 227 Protected works .. 227 Exceptions and limitations to Copyright protection .. 229 XVI. Luxembourg .. 244 XVII. Hungary .. 245 XVIII. Malta .. 246 Applicable national legal framework .. 246 Constitution .. 246 Copyright Law .. 246 Copyright .. 248 Definition and content .. 248 Author .. 250 Protected works .. 250 Exceptions and limitations to Copyright protection .. 250 XIX. The Netherlands.

9 260 Applicable national legal framework .. 260 Constitution .. 260 Copyright law .. 260 Copyright .. 260 Definition and content .. 260 Author .. 262 Protected works .. 262 Exceptions and limitations to Copyright protection .. 263 XX. Austria .. 280 XXI. Poland .. 281 Applicable national legal framework .. 281 Constitution .. 281 Copyright Law .. 281 Copyright .. 282 Definition and content .. 282 Copyright Law in the EU VII Author .. 283 Protected works .. 283 Exceptions and limitations to Copyright protection .. 285 XXII. Portugal .. 299 XXIII. Romania .. 300 Applicable national legal framework .. 300 Constitution .. 300 Copyright Law .. 300 Copyright .. 301 Definition and content .. 301 Author .. 303 Protected works .. 303 Exceptions and limitations to Copyright protection .. 305 XXIV. 315 Applicable national legal framework .. 315 Constitution .. 315 Copyright law .. 315 Copyright .. 315 Definition and content.

10 315 Author .. 318 Protected works .. 318 Exceptions and limitations to Copyright protection .. 321 XXV. Slovakia .. 333 Applicable national legal framework .. 333 Constitution .. 333 Copyright Law .. 333 Copyright .. 334 Definition and content .. 334 Author .. 336 Protected works .. 337 Exceptions and limitations to Copyright protection .. 339 XXVI. Finland .. 360 XXVII. Sweden .. 361 Applicable national legal framework .. 361 Constitution .. 361 Copyright Law .. 361 Copyright .. 361 Definition and content .. 361 Author .. 362 Copyright Law in the EU Belgium VIII Protected works .. 362 Exceptions and limitations to Copyright protection .. 362 XXVIII. United Kingdom .. 380 Applicable national legal framework .. 380 Constitution .. 380 Copyright law .. 380 Copyright .. 380 Definition and content .. 380 Author .. 381 Protected works .. 382 Exceptions and limitations to Copyright protection .. 382 Copyright Law in the EU Summary and methodology 1 Summary and methodology The rights granted to authors or creators of original works in each Member State of the European Union vary depending on its national law and legal tradition.