CORRUPTION PERCEPTIONS INDEX 2020

1 CORRUPTIONPERCEPTIONSINDEX2020 Transparency International is a global movement with one vision: a world in which government, business, civil society and the daily lives of people are free of CORRUPTION . With more than 100 chapters worldwide and an international secretariat in Berlin, we are leading the fight against CORRUPTION to turn this vision into reality.# effort has been made to verify the accuracy of the information contained in this report. All information was believed to be correct as of January 2021. Nevertheless, Transparency International cannot accept responsibility for the consequences of its use for other purposes or in other : 978-3-96076-157-02021 Transparency International. Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed under CC BY-ND DE.

2 Quotation permitted. Please contact Transparency International regarding derivatives PERCEPTIONS INDEX 2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS2-3 Map and results4-5 Executive summaryRecommendations6-7 Global highlights8-10 COVID-19 and corruptionHealth expenditureDemocratic backsliding11 Regional highlights 12-13 Americas PeruHonduras14-15 Asia Pacific VanuatuMyanmar16-17 Eastern Europe & Central Asia SerbiaBelarus18-19 Middle East & North Africa LebanonMorocco20-2 1 Sub-Saharan Africa MalawiZambia22-23 Western Europe and European Union MaltaPoland24 Methodology25 Endnotes180 DOESYOUR COUNTRYMEASURE UP?The perceived levels of public sector CORRUPTION in 180 countries/territories around the 0-9 10-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 70-79 80-89 90-100 No data Very CleanHighly Corrupt69 France2368 Bhutan2467 Chile2567 United States 2566 Seychelles2765 Taiwan2864 Barbados2963 Bahamas3063 Qatar3062 Spain3261 Korea.

3 South3361 Portugal3360 Botswana3560 Brunei Darussalam3560 Israel3560 Lithuania3560 Slovenia3559 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines4058 Cabo Verde4157 Costa Rica4257 Cyprus4257 Latvia4245 Senegal6744 Bulgaria6944 Hungary6944 Jamaica6944 Romania6944 South Africa6944 Tunisia6943 Ghana7543 Maldives7543 Vanuatu7542 Argentina7842 Bahrain7842 China7842 Kuwait7842 Solomon Islands7841 Benin8341 Guyana8341 Lesotho8340 Burkina Faso8640 India8640 Morocco8640 Timor-Leste8640 Trinidad and Tobago8688 Denmark188 New Zealand185 Finland385 Singapore385 Sweden385 Switzerland384 Norway782 Netherlands880 Germany980 Luxembourg977 Australia1177 Canada1177 Hong Kong1177 United Kingdom1176 Austria1576 Belgium1575 Estonia1775 Iceland1774 Japan1972 Ireland2071 United Arab Emirates2171 Uruguay21 SCORE COUNTRY/TERRITORY RANK 56 Georgia4556 Poland4556 Saint Lucia4555 Dominica4854 Czechia4954 Oman4954 Rwanda4953 Grenada5253 Italy5253 Malta5253 Mauritius5253 Saudi Arabia5251 Malaysia5751 Namibia5750 Greece5949 Armenia6049 Jordan6049 Slovakia6047 Belarus6347 Croatia6347 Cuba6347 Sao Tome and Principe6345 Montenegro67 TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL240 Turkey8639 Colombia9239 Ecuador9238 Brazil9438 Ethiopia9438 Kazakhstan9438 Peru9438 Serbia9438 Sri Lanka9438 Suriname9438 Tanzania9437 Gambia10237 Indonesia10236 Albania10436 Algeria10436 Cote d'Ivoire10436El Salvador10436 Kosovo10436 Thailand10436 Vietnam10435 Bosnia and Herzegovina11135 Mongolia11135 North Macedonia11135

4 Panama11134 Moldova11534 Philippines11533 Egypt11733 Eswatini11733 Nepal11733 Sierra Leone11733 Ukraine11733 Zambia11732 Niger12331 Bolivia12431 Kenya12431 Kyrgyzstan12431 Mexico12431 Pakistan12430 Azerbaijan12930 Gabon12930 Malawi12930 Mali12930 Russia12929 Laos13429 Mauritania13429 Togo13428 Dominican Republic13728 Guinea13728 Liberia13728 Myanmar13728 Paraguay13727 Angola14227 Djibouti14227 Papua New Guinea14227 Uganda14226 Bangladesh14626 Central African Republic14626 Uzbekistan14625 Cameroon14925 Guatemala14925 Iran14925 Lebanon14925 Madagascar14925 Mozambique14925 Nigeria14925 Tajikistan14924 Honduras15724 Zimbabwe15722 Nicaragua15921 Cambodia16021 Chad16021 Comoros16021 Eritrea16021 Iraq16019 Afghanistan16519 Burundi16519 Congo16519 Guinea Bissau16519 Turkmenistan16518 Democratic Republic of the Congo17018 Haiti17018 Korea, North17017 Libya17316 Equatorial Guinea17416 Sudan17415 Venezuela17615 Yemen17614 Syria17812 Somalia17912 South Sudan179 CORRUPTION PERCEPTIONS INDEX 20203 EXECUTIVE SUMMARYThis year s CORRUPTION PERCEPTIONS INDEX (CPI) paints a grim picture of the state of CORRUPTION worldwide.

5 While most countries have made little to no progress in tackling CORRUPTION in nearly a decade, more than two-thirds of countries score below 50. Our analysis shows CORRUPTION not only undermines the global health response to COVID-19, but contributes to a continuing crisis of proved to be one of the worst years in recent history, with the outbreak of the global COVID-19 pandemic and its devastating effects. The health and economic impact on individuals and communities worldwide has been catastrophic. More than 90 million people were infected, and nearly 2 million people lost their lives around the the past tumultuous year has shown, COVID-19 is not just a health and economic crisis, but a CORRUPTION crisis as well, with countless lives lost due to the insidious effects of CORRUPTION undermining a fair and equitable global of CORRUPTION during COVID-192 have reverberated across the globe.

6 180 The CPI scores 180 countries and territories by their perceived levels of public sector CORRUPTION , according to experts and is very clean and 0 is highly corruptCOUNTRIES SCOREDTHE CPI USES A SCALE FROM 0 TO 10050/10043/1002/3 OF COUNTRIES SCORE BELOWTHE AVERAGE SCORE IS1000 TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL4 The COVID-19 response exposed vulnerabilities of weak oversight and inadequate transparency. To ensure resources reach those most in need and are not subject to theft by the corrupt, anti- CORRUPTION authorities and oversight institutions must have sufficient funds, resources, and independence to perform their COVID-19 crisis exacerbated democratic decline, with some governments exploiting the pandemic to suspend parliaments, renounce public accountability mechanisms, and incite violence against dissidents.

7 To defend civic space, civil society groups and the media must have the enabling conditions to hold governments accountable. Many governments have drastically relaxed procurement processes. These rushed and opaque procedures provide ample opportunity for CORRUPTION and the diversion of public resources. Contracting processes must remain open and transparent to combat wrongdoing, identify conflicts of interest and ensure fair publication of disaggregated data on spending and distribution of resources is particularly relevant in emergency situations, to ensure fair and equitable policy responses. Governments should also ensure people receive easy, accessible, timely and meaningful information by guaranteeing their right to access STRENGTHEN OVERSIGHT INSTITUTIONS3.

8 DEFEND DEMOCRACY, PROMOTE CIVIC SPACE2. ENSURE OPEN AND TRANSPARENT CONTRACTING4. PUBLISH RELEVANT DATA, GUARANTEE ACCESSR ecommendationsTo fight COVID-19 and curb CORRUPTION , it is essential for countries to: From bribery and embezzlement to overpricing and favourtism, CORRUPTION in health care takes many We risk losing even more, however, if we don t learn from previous lessons in times of the last year, despite COVID-19, people around the world gathered in force to join massive protests against CORRUPTION and for social justice and political change. Consistent with public opinion surveys that show most people are hopeful that they can make a difference in the face of CORRUPTION ,5 these protests made headlines and highlighted the power of collective action in speaking emergency response to the COVID-19 pandemic revealed enormous cracks in health systems and democratic institutions, underscoring that those in power or who hold government purse strings often serve their own interests instead of those most vulnerable.

9 As the global community transitions from crisis to recovery, anti- CORRUPTION efforts must keep pace to ensure a fair and just CORRUPTION PERCEPTIONS INDEX 20205 GLOBAL HIGHLIGHTSThis year s CPI shows CORRUPTION is more pervasive in countries least equipped to handle the COVID-19 pandemic and other global INDEX , which ranks 180 countries and territories by their perceived levels of public sector CORRUPTION according to experts and businesspeople, uses a scale of zero to 100, where zero is highly corrupt and 100 is very previous years, more than two-thirds of countries score below 50 on this year s CPI, with an average score of just 43. The data shows that despite some progress, most countries still fail to tackle CORRUPTION addition to earning poor scores, nearly half of all countries have been stagnant on the CPI for almost a decade.

10 These countries have failed to move the needle in any significant way to improve their score and combat public sector REGIONAL SCOREAVERAGE REGIONAL SCOREHIGHEST SCORING REGIONLOWEST SCORING REGIONSINCE 2018 SINCE 201866/10032/100 WESTERN EUROPE &EUROPEAN UNIONSUB-SAHARANAFRICATRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL6 The top countries on the CPI are Denmark and New Zealand, with scores of 88, followed by Finland, Singapore, Sweden and Switzerland, with scores of 85 each. The bottom countries are South Sudan and Somalia, with scores of 12 each, followed by Syria (14), Yemen (15) and Venezuela (15).Since 2012, 26 countries improved their CPI scores, including Greece, Myanmar and Ecuador. In the same period, 22 countries decreased their scores, including Lebanon, Malawi and Bosnia & Herzegovina*.