COVID Reference ENG 005 - Amedeo

1 Bernd Sebastian KampsChristian | Bernd Sebastian Kamps Christian Hoffmann COVID Reference Sixth Edition CR , uploaded on 27 May 2021 Copy-Editor: Rob Camp Published 13 January 2021 Short Content 0. Top 10 17 1. Epidemiology 19 2. TransmissionC 69 3. Prevention 117 4. Virology 153 5. Variants 173 6. Vaccines 223 (Revised: 23 May) 7. Diagnostic Tests and Procedures 303 8. Clinical Presentation 333 9. Long COVID -19 385 10. Treatment 397 11. Severe COVID -19 441 12. Co-morbidities 451 13. Pediatrics 477 14. The First 7 Months 505 Editors, authors, publishing house and translators have received no support from third parties to realize this textbook.

2 Bernd Sebastian Kamps Christian Hoffmann COVID Reference Edition Steinh user Verlag4 | Bernd Sebastian Kamps, Christian Hoffmann, Infektionsmedizinisches Centrum Hamburg MVZ PartG (ICH) ICH Stadtmitte Glockengiesserwall 1 20095 Hamburg Copy-Editor Rob Camp Disclaimer COVID medicine is a new and fast-changing field. The editors and authors of have made every effort to provide information that is accurate and complete as of the date of publication. However, in view of the rapid changes occurring in medical science, COVID preven-tion and policy, as well as the possibility of human error, this text may contain technical inaccu-racies, typographical or other errors.

3 Readers are advised to check the trials databases ( , etc) as well as the product information currently provided by the manufacturer of each drug to be administered to verify the recommended dose, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of the treating physician (and last-year students!) who relies on experience and knowledge about the patient to determine the best treatment and dosages for the patient. The information contained herein is provided as is and without war-ranty of any kind.

4 The contributors to this site, including Steinh user Verlag, disclaim responsi-bility for any errors or omissions or for results obtained from the use of information contained herein. Important: The current book is designed for educational purposes only and is not engaged in rendering medical and current historical advice or professional services. It is not a substitute for professional care. Members of the lay public using this site are advised to consult with a physi-cian regarding personal medical care. If you have or suspect you may have a health problem, consult your healthcare provider.

5 This work is protected by copyright both as a whole and in part. 2021 by Steinh user Verlag ISBN: 978-3 -942687-53-9 CR Uploaded on 27 May 2021 | 5 PREFACE In not even a year after the discovery of COVID -19, several vaccines have been licensed and hundreds of millions of people will be vaccinated within months. Soon the number of severe COVID -19 cases will plummet, people at risk will no longer die, and after the vaccination of younger people, Long COVID will retreat too. There are no analogies to describe COVID -19 vaccine development.

6 A feat that greatly exceeds the achievements of the moon landings? There is no doubt that by creating COVID vaccines in record time, science has given us a hum-bling demonstration of what it can achieve. Nevertheless, we are not out of the woods yet. Nature, too, has demonstrated that it can strike back. If the new variants are confirmed to increase trans-missibility (and, possibly, severity) of SARS-CoV-2 on a global scale, the race may be on again. In 2021, let s perfect our skills of physical distancing and continue to wear face masks.

7 Let s take it as a convenient rehearsal exercise for future pandemics. It isn t fun but it must be done. Bernd Sebastian Kamps & Christian Hoffmann 13 January 2021 6 | PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION Seventeen years ago, in the middle of the outbreak, we decided to write a short medical text about the ongoing SARS drama, presenting the scientific data and providing real-time updates. After publishing three editions in 6 months, a scientific magazine concluded that our SARS Reference ( ) was not fancy , but presented plenty of infor-mation.

8 When we became aware of the new coronavirus epidemic in mid-January 2020, we immediately felt that time had come to repeat our milleni-um exercise. While SARS-CoV-2 seems under control in China, the epidemic is moving west briskly. What only weeks ago seemed an impossible feat imposing and en-forcing strict quarantine measures and isolating millions of people is now a reality in many countries. People all over the world will have to adapt and invent new lifestyles in what is the most disruptive event since World War II.

9 We believe that the current situation needs a new type of textbook. Humanity is confronting an unknown and threatening disease which is often severe and fatal. Health care systems are overwhelmed. There is no proven treatment and vaccines will not be available soon. Such a situation has not existed since the flu pandemic in 1918. We believe a clear head is crucial in times of over-information, with dozens of scientific papers published every day, news about hundreds of studies being planned or already on the way and social media blending hard data with ru-mors and fake news .

10 The tedious work of screening the scientific literature and the scientific data has to be done regularly & constantly, like a Swiss watch. Over the coming months, COVID Reference will be presenting updates on a weekly basis and narrating the scientific data as coherently as possible. Remember Science Magazine. It isn t fancy. Bernd Sebastian Kamps & Christian Hoffmann 29th March 2020 | 7 CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS Thomas Kamradt, Professor of Immunology President, German Society of Immunology Institute of Immunology University Hospital Jena Leutragraben 3 D 07743 Jena Stefano Lazzari, Specialist in Public Health and Preventive Medicine International Consultant in Global Health Former WHO Director Jennifer Neubert, Department of Pediatric Oncology.