Critical Thinking/Problem Solving - Life Science

1 Life ScienceTo the TeacherCritical Thinking/Problem Solving worksheets in this booklet exercise the students abilities to applythinking skills to situations related to concepts presented in the student edition. Students will applytheir knowledge to a new situation, analyze the new information, and synthesize in order to respondin a creative way. A series of responses that students might give are provided for you at the end ofthis by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Except as permission under the UnitedStates Copyright Act, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by anymeans, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the all inquiries to:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill8787 Orion PlaceColumbus, OH 43240 ISBN 0-07-825446-9 Printed in the United States of America1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 009 06 05 04 03 02 01iiStudent EditionTeacher Wraparound EditionInteractive Teacher Edition CD-ROMI nteractive Lesson Planner CD-ROML esson PlansContent Outline for TeachingDirected Reading for Content MasteryFoldables.

2 Reading and Study SkillsAssessmentChapter ReviewChapter TestsExamView Pro Test Bank SoftwareAssessment TransparenciesPerformance Assessment in the Science ClassroomThe Princeton Review Standardized Test Practice BookletDirected Reading for Content Mastery in SpanishSpanish ResourcesGuided Reading Audio ProgramReinforcementEnrichmentActivity Wo r k sheetsSection Focus TransparenciesTeaching TransparenciesLaboratory ActivitiesScience Inquiry LabsCritical Thinking/Problem SolvingReading and Writing Skill ActivitiesCultural DiversityLaboratory Management and Safety in the ScienceClassroomMindjogger Videoquizzes and Teacher GuideInteractive Explorations and Quizzes CD-ROMV ocabulary Puzzlemaker SoftwareCooperative Learning in the Science ClassroomEnvironmental Issues in the Science ClassroomHome and Community InvolvementUsing the Internet in the Science ClassroomGlencoe ScienceCopyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies.

3 Date ClassiiiTable of ContentsTo the Teacher ..iiSkills Correlation ..ivActivities1 New Status for an Old Life-Form ..12 The Mechanics of Memory ..23 Cloning the Woolly Mammoth ..34 New Hope After a Long Search ..45 Saving Tropical Rain Forests ..56Wa s te-Eating Bacteria ..67 Dying Frogs Give Ecological Clues ..78 Using Photosynthesis to Reduce World Hunger.

4 89 Rescuing Endangered Plants ..910 Coral Reefs at Risk .. 1011 Afraid of Snakes? .. 1112 Global Warming and Migration Patterns .. 1213 The Everglades Protecting a Delicate Balance .. 1314 The Human Body in Space .. 1415 Are sports drinks beneficial? .. 1516 More Is Not Always Better .. 1617 The High Risks of Smoking .. 1718 New Hope for Treating Spinal Cord Injuries .. 1819 More than Skin Deep .. 1920 Fighting Disease Through Immunization .. 2021 Invasive Species .. 2122 Nitrogen Fertilizers Too Much of a Good Thing? .. 2223 The High Cost of Wetlands Destruction.

5 23 Answer Key ..24iiiivCopyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, issuesComparing and contrastingDeveloping a perspectiveDrawing conclusionsEvaluating informationExtrapolating data/ informationGenerating and assessing solutionsMaking a hypothesisMaking predictions or interpretationsMaking judgmentsObserving and inferringRecognizing cause and effectRecognizing logical thoughtSummarizing/synthesizingRecognizi ng contradictionsActivityCritical thinking / problem Solving Skills CorrelationSkill123456789101112131415161 7181920212223 Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies.

6 Status for an Old Life-FormProblemSolvingWhen early scientists first began to classify life,they divided it into two kingdoms the animalkingdom and the plant kingdom. Later, whenthey began looking at objects under micro-scopes, they discovered another category oflife one-celled organisms or a New DomainUntil recently, all three of those kingdoms fellunder just two domains: prokarya and are bacteria or simple-celled organ-isms that do not have a true nucleus. Eukaryotesare plants, humans, animals, and other cells witha nucleus. However, in 1977, scientists made adiscovery that prompted them to add a newdomain to the classification system.

7 The life-form that brought about that change is a single-celled organism called many years, archaea were considered tobe bacteria, so they were placed in the prokaryadomain. But scientists are discovering there smuch more to prokarya than previouslythought. For that reason, prokarya is nowdivided into two separate categories: bacteriaand archaea. Instead of two domains, life-formsnow are classified into three domains: bacteria,archaea, and the ExtremesMicroscopically, archaea may look similar to bacte-ria but they are different. Archaea can thrive inmany types of environments but are especiallysuited to survival in extreme habitats.

8 They can livein hot water and in cold water. They have beenfound near thermal vents on the ocean floor, 500m to 600 m below ground, and in icy cold oceanwaters around Antarctica. Archaea can adapt toextremely salty water and live in environmentswith little oxygen. Because of their adaptability toextreme conditions, scientists are considering thefact that similar organisms could be present belowthe surface of Mars and other scientists understanding of archaea isstill limited, the life processes of these organismsare of interest to more than just scientists. Manu-facturers are hoping archaea can lead to improvedcold-water laundry detergents, longer-lasting fra-grances, and low-spoilage food problem Solving at least two questions a scientist would want to ask before creating a new domain for think that archaea s ability to withstand extreme conditions will make them useful inmedicines and other products, such as cold-water detergents.

9 Describe a medicine or product thatcould benefit from archaea s adaptability to protistsfungianimalsplantschromistsalveo latesrhodophyteshalophilescyanobacteriah eterotrophicbacteriaName Date ClassLife-form Domains2 Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Mechanics of MemoryA concert violinist plays a difficult piece ofmusic.

10 A scientist forms a hypothesis. A toddlertakes a few shaky steps and, a week later, iswalking steadily. All of these processes learn-ing, reasoning, and thought would not bepossible without the MessageScientists who want to understand how memoryworks study the brain, nerve cells, and synapses,the pathways between nerve cells. Nerve cells,called neurons, transmit and receive messagesthroughout the neuron has three parts: a cell body, den-drites, and an axon. The star-shaped cell body isthe part of the cell that contains the fibers, called dendrites, extend fromthe cell body and form the dendritic field. Thedendritic field receives messages from other neu-rons and carries them back to the cell body.