CULTURAL RESOURCES SURVEY OF THE JACOBS MILL TRACT ...

1 CULTURAL RESOURCES SURVEY OF THE. JACOBS MILL TRACT , LEXINGTON county , SOUTH CAROLINA. CHICORA RESEARCH CONTRIBUTION 467. CULTURAL RESOURCES SURVEY OF THE. JACOBS MILL TRACT , LEXINGTON county , SOUTH CAROLINA. Prepared By: Michael Trinkley, , RPA. and Nicole Southerland Prepared For: Mr. Chris Magaldi SINTRA Development Corporation 501 Wando Park Boulevard Suite 140. Mount Pleasant, SC 29464. CHICORA RESEARCH CONTRIBUTION 467. Chicora Foundation, Inc. PO Box 8664. Columbia, SC 29202-8664. 803/787-6910. February 5, 2007. This report is printed on permanent paper . 2007 by Chicora Foundation, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted, or transcribed in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without prior permission of Chicora Foundation, Inc.

2 Except for brief quotations used in reviews. Full credit must be given to the authors, publisher, and project sponsor. ABSTRACT. This study reports on an intensive CULTURAL along transects placed at 100-foot intervals along RESOURCES SURVEY of an approximately 136 acre Saint Peters Church Road (S-29). All shovel test TRACT of land in the northern portion of Lexington fill was screened through -inch mesh and the county , near the city of Chapin, South Carolina. shovel tests were backfilled at the completion of The work was conducted to assist the SINTRA the study. A total of 627 shovel tests were Development Corporation in complying with excavated along 27 transect lines. Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act and the regulations codified in 36 CFR800.

3 As a result of these investigations three sites (38LX576-578) were identified. Site 38LX576. The parcel, which is located on Saint is a nineteenth to twentieth century farmstead. Peters Church Road (S-29), is intended to be used Modern trash has overshadowed the sparse pre- for residential development. The topography is 1950 remains, so the site is recommended not somewhat flat at the eastern portion of the eligible for the National Register. Sites 38LX577. property, but significantly slopes to the west and 38LX578 are both brick piles with very sparse toward Bear Creek. artifact remains. Because of the lack of data sets, these sites are likely to be unable to address The proposed undertaking will require significant research questions.

4 They are the clearing of the TRACT , followed by construction recommended not eligible for the National of various infrastructure elements such as roads, Register. stormwater drainage, and utilities. Individual lot construction will involve grading, additional A SURVEY of public roads within mile utility construction, and subsequent building of of the proposed undertaking was conducted in an structures. These activities have the potential to effort to identify any architectural sites over 50. affect archaeological and historical sites and this years old which also retained their integrity. SURVEY was conducted to identify and assess While several historic structures were identified in archaeological and historical sites that may be in the area, none of the houses appear to retain the project area.

5 For this study, an area of sufficient integrity to be potentially eligible for the potential effect (APE) mile around the TRACT National Register. was assumed. Finally, it is possible that archaeological An investigation of the archaeological site remains may be encountered in the project area files at the Institute of Archaeology and during clearing activities. Crews should be Anthropology failed to identify any sites within advised to report any discoveries of mile of the project area. concentrations of artifacts (such as bottles, ceramics, or projectile points) or brick rubble to The Department of Archives and the project engineer, who should in turn report the History GIS was consulted for any previously material to the State Historic Preservation Office recorded sites.

6 No such sites were found in the or to Chicora Foundation (the process of dealing project APE. with late discoveries is discussed in (b)(3)). No construction should take The archaeological SURVEY of the TRACT place in the vicinity of these late discoveries until incorporated shovel testing at 100-foot intervals they have been examined by an archaeologist and, i if necessary, have been processed according to (b)(3). ii TABLE OF CONTENTS. List of Figures iv List of Tables iv Introduction 1. Natural Environment 5. Physiographic Province 5. Geology and Soils 5. Floristics 7. Climate 7. Prehistoric and Historic Synopsis 9. Previous Archaeological Investigations 9. Brief Prehistoric Synopsis 9.

7 Brief Historic Synopsis 16. Methods 19. Archaeological Field Methods 19. Architectural SURVEY 19. Site Evaluation 19. Laboratory Analysis 22. Results of SURVEY 23. Introduction 23. Archaeological RESOURCES 23. Architectural RESOURCES 29. Conclusions 31. Sources Cited 33. iii LIST OF FIGURES. Figure 1. Project vicinity in Lexington county 2. 2. Project TRACT 3. 3. View of typical vegetation on the TRACT 5. 4. Portion of Bear Creek in the project area 6. 5. Generalized CULTURAL sequence for South Carolina 10. 6. Portion of Mills' Atlas showing the project vicinity 17. 7. Portion of the 1940 General Highway and Transportation Map of Lexington county 17. 8. Project area with transects 20.

8 9. View of road through the project area 22. 10. Topographic map showing the identified sites 23. 11. Sketch map and soil profile for 38LX576 24. 12. View of house in ruinous condition at 38LX576 25. 13. Sketch map and soil profile for 38LX577 26. 14. View of 38LX577 with surrounding oaks 27. 15. Sketch map and soil profile for 38LX578 28. 16. View of bricks and sewing machine parts at 38LX578 28. LIST OF TABLES. Table 1. Artifacts from 38LX576 25. iv INTRODUCTION. This investigation was conducted by Dr. Original investigations for the property Michael Trinkley of Chicora Foundation, Inc. for involved a CULTURAL Resource Assessment (CRA), Mr. Chris Magaldi of the SINTRA Development which was performed on March 23, 2006 (Chicora Corporation in Mount Pleasant, South Carolina.)

9 Foundation 2006). At the time, the property was The work was conducted to assist SINTRA with referred to as the Colamander TRACT . Because of Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation the standing structures and concentrations of Act and the regulations codified in 36 CFR800. artifacts visible in areas, Chicora recommended that an intensive SURVEY be performed. The State The project site consists of a 136 acre TRACT Historic Preservation Office (SHPO) agreed in a proposed to be used for residential development letter dating November 16, 2006 (from Mr. Chuck in northern Lexington county , near the city of Cantley, Staff Archaeologist). An updated Chapin, South Carolina (Figure 1).

10 The TRACT is proposal for an intensive SURVEY was provided on bordered by Saint Peters Church Road (S-29) to December 1, 2006. The proposal was accepted on the south and southeast (Figure 2). An old barbed December 4. wire fence surrounds the remainder of the TRACT . Initial background investigations The TRACT consists of a level ridge top to incorporated a review of the site files at the South the east, which slopes down to the west toward Carolina Institute of Archaeology and Bear Creek. Mixed pines and hardwoods cover Anthropology. As a result of that work no most of the project area, however, old fields and previously identified sites were found in the hardwood stands are also found within the TRACT .