Cygwin User's Guide

1 Cygwin user s GuideiCygwin user s GuideCygwin user s GuideiiCopyright Cygwin authorsPermission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this documentation provided the copyright notice and this per-mission notice are preserved on all is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this documentation under the conditions for verbatim copying,provided that the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this is granted to copy and distribute translations of this documentation into another language, under the above conditionsfor modified versions, except that this permission notice may be stated in a translation approved by the Free Software user s GuideiiiContents1 Cygwin is it?

2 Start Guide for those more experienced with Windows .. Start Guide for those more experienced with UNIX .. the Cygwin tools free software? .. brief history of the Cygwin project .. of Cygwin Functionality .. and Security .. Access .. Mode vs. Binary Mode .. C Library .. Creation .. with process creation .. s new and what changed in Cygwin .. s new and what changed in .. s new and what changed in .. s new and what changed in .. s new and what changed in .. s new and what changed in .. s new and what changed in .. s new and what changed in .. s new and what changed in .. s new and what changed in .. What s new and what changed in .. What s new and what changed in.

3 What s new and what changed in .. 10 Cygwin user s What s new and what changed in .. What s new and what changed in .. What s new and what changed in .. What s new and what changed in .. What s new and what changed in .. What s new and what changed in .. What s new and what changed in .. What s new and what changed in .. What s new and what changed in .. What s new and what changed in .. What s new and what changed in .. What s new and what changed in .. What s new and what changed in .. What s new and what changed in .. What s new and what changed in .. What s new and what changed in.

4 What s new and what changed in .. What s new and what changed in .. What s new and what changed in .. What s new and what changed in .. What s new and what changed in .. What s new and what changed in .. What s new and what changed in .. What s new and what changed in .. What s new and what changed in .. What s new and what changed in .. What s new and what changed in .. What s new and what changed in .. What s new and what changed in .. What s new and what changed in .. What s new and what changed in .. What s new and what changed from to .. OS related changes .. File Access related changes.

5 Network related changes .. Device related changes .. Other POSIX related changes .. Security related changes .. Miscellaneous .. 22 Cygwin user s Guidev2 Setting Up Setup .. Source .. an Install Directory .. Package Directory .. Method .. Mirrors .. Packages .. and Installation Progress .. Scripts .. Troubleshooting .. Variables .. Win32 environment .. Cygwin s Maximum Memory .. to set the locale .. Windows Console character set .. Problems when using Locales .. of supported character sets .. bash .. 313 Using path names .. Cygwin Mount Table .. paths.

6 Cygdrive path prefix .. usertemp file system type .. links .. native Win32 paths .. the Win32 file API in Cygwin applications .. Path-related Information .. and Binary modes .. Issue .. default Cygwin behavior .. or text? .. 40 Cygwin user s .. permissions .. filenames .. files in /etc .. filenames .. characters in filenames .. with unusual (foreign) characters .. sensitive filenames .. devices ..exe extension .. /proc filesystem .. /proc/registry filesystem .. The @pathnames .. variable .. options .. options .. accounts, permission, and security .. overview of Windows security.

7 Windows accounts to POSIX accounts .. Windows SIDs to POSIX uid/gid values .. account information .. user names, home dirs, login shells .. :andgroup:settings .. :setting .. defining how to create thepasswdentry .. :setting .. :setting .. :setting .. Thedescschema .. account mapping .. account mapping .. permissions .. the user context .. the user context with password authentication .. the user context without password, Method 1: Create a token from scratch .. 66 Cygwin user s the user context without password, Method 2: LSA authentication package .. the user context without password, Method 3: With password.

8 The user context, how does it all fit together? .. is Cygserver? .. command line options .. to install Cygserver .. to start Cygserver .. Cygserver configuration file .. Utilities .. mkgroup .. mkpasswd .. mount .. passwd .. pldd .. ps .. regtool .. setfacl .. setmetamode .. ssp .. strace .. tzset .. umount .. Cygwin effectively with Windows .. and Windows Networking .. shortcuts .. 100 Cygwin user s Guideviii4 Programming with GCC with Cygwin .. Usage .. applications for 64 bit Cygwin .. Mode Applications .. Cygwin Programs .. and Using DLLs.

9 DLLs .. Against DLLs .. Windows Resources .. Cygwin Programs .. situations .. multi-threaded programs .. programs that fork .. better profiling resolution .. programs with their libraries .. Cygwin itself .. 111 AbstractCygwin user s GuideCygwin user s Guide1 / 111 Chapter 1 Cygwin What is it? Cygwin is a Linux-like environment for Windows. It consists of a DLL ( ), which acts as an emulation layerproviding substantial POSIX (Portable Operating System Interface) system call functionality, and a collection of tools, whichprovide a Linux look and feel. The Cygwin DLL works with all x86 and AMD64 versions of Windows NT since Windows XPSP3. The API follows the Single Unix Specification as much as possible, and then Linux practice.

10 The major differences betweenCygwin and Linux is the C library (newlibinstead ofglibc).With Cygwin installed, users have access to many standard UNIX utilities. They can be used from one of the provided shells suchasbashor from the Windows Command Prompt. Additionally, programmers may write Win32 console or GUI applications thatmake use of the standard Microsoft Win32 API and/or the Cygwin API. As a result, it is possible to easily port many significantUNIX programs without the need for extensive changes to the source code. This includes configuring and building most of theavailable GNU software (including the development tools included with the Cygwin distribution). Quick Start Guide for those more experienced with WindowsIf you are new to the world of UNIX, you may find it difficult to understand at first.