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Dealing with Water Scarcity in Singapore - World …

World Bank Analytical and Advisory Assistance (AAA) Program China: Addressing Water Scarcity Background Paper No. 4 Dealing with Water Scarcity in Singapore : Institutions, Strategies, and Enforcement _____ July 2006 Environment and Social Development East Asia and Pacific Region The World Bank World Bank Analytical and Advisory Assistance (AAA) Program ii The paper is one of the international experience background study papers of the World Bank s Analytical and Advisory Assistance (AAA) China: Addressing Water Scarcity .

World Bank Analytical and Advisory Assistance (AAA) Program China: Addressing Water Scarcity Background Paper No. 4 Dealing with Water Scarcity in Singapore:

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1 World Bank Analytical and Advisory Assistance (AAA) Program China: Addressing Water Scarcity Background Paper No. 4 Dealing with Water Scarcity in Singapore : Institutions, Strategies, and Enforcement _____ July 2006 Environment and Social Development East Asia and Pacific Region The World Bank World Bank Analytical and Advisory Assistance (AAA) Program ii The paper is one of the international experience background study papers of the World Bank s Analytical and Advisory Assistance (AAA) China: Addressing Water Scarcity .

2 The study is under the management of Jian Xie of the World Bank s East Asia Environment and Social Sector Unit. For more information on and other reports of the World Bank AAA Program China: Addressing Water Scarcity , please contact Dr. Jian XIE, The World Bank, 1818 H Street, NW, Washington , 20433, USA, Fax: 202-522-1666, Email: or visit the program website at Environment and Social Development Department East Asia and Pacific Region The World Bank Washington, July 2006 This volume is a product of the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank.

3 The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries.

4 The material in this publication is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission to reproduce portions of the work promptly. For permission to photocopy or reprint any part of this work, please send a request with complete information to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA, telephone 978-750-8400, fax 978-750-4470, All other queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to the Office of the Publisher, The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA, fax 202-522-2422, e-mail China: Addressing Water Scarcity Background Paper No.

5 4 iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Acronyms iv Executive Summary 1 Chapter 1: National Water Resource Development Strategy 2 Chapter 2: Institutions and Policy Instruments 4 Institutional Reform 4 Regulations 4 Integrated Land Use Planning 5 Economic Instruments 6 Public Awareness 7 Chapter 3: Achievements and Targets 8 Catchment Management and Enlargement 8 Augmentation of Water Supply from Unconventional Sources 8 At the Forefront of Technology 10 New Targets 11 Chapter 4: Concluding Remarks 12 References 13 List of Tables Table 1: Water Tariffs in Singapore Table 2: NEWater and Industrial Water Tariffs List of Boxes Box 1: Structure of PUB Box 2: Marina Barrier Program Box 3.

6 NEWater Program World Bank Analytical and Advisory Assistance (AAA) Program ivACRONYMS 3P Private-Public-People 3PN Private-Public-People Networking D & B Design and Build DBOO Design-Build-Own-Operate DTSS Deep Tunnel Sewerage System DGP Development Guide Plan EDB Economic Development Board

7 GST Goods and Service Tax HDB Housing & Development Board IW Industry Water JTC Jurong Town Corporation LTA Land Transport Authority MBR Membrane Bioreactor Mgd Million Gallon Day MOE Ministry of Environment MOF Ministry of Finance MOEWR Ministry of Environment and Water Resources NEA National Environmental Agency NGO Non Government Organization PBU Public Building Authority PCD Pollution Control Department PPP Public-Private Partnership PUB Public Utilities Board RIET Regional Institute of Environmental Technology RO Reverse Osmosis TDB Trade Development Board URA Urban Redevelopment Authority

8 USEPA United States Environmental Protection Agency WBF Water Borne Fee WCT Water Conservation Tax WHO World Health Organization China: Addressing Water Scarcity Background Paper No. 4 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY From the 1980s to 1990s Singapore made tremendous efforts to create a comprehensive environmental management system, including Water supply, control of river pollution, establishment of well planned industrial estates, and a World class urban sanitation system for the whole island.

9 More recently, the Singapore government has made sustainable Water supply the main target of Water management, and a series of initiatives and actions have been undertaken. Singapore has achieved remarkable progress in Water resource management based primarily on urban catchment management and Water reuse. Its experience is valuable for other countries and cities facing threats to the quality and quantity of their Water supplies.

10 The key points of the Singapore experience are highlighted below: Political Will. The Singapore government has been an essential force behind the successful Water policy, strategy, planning and implementation. The Prime Minister s support for the Four National Taps Strategy has enabled the Public Utilities Board (PUB) to conduct a series of Water programs; Institutional Integration. The newly established Ministry of Environment and Water Resources (MOEWR), which has full responsibility for Water related affairs, including policy formulation, planning and infrastructure, eliminates administrative barriers in Water management and makes implementation effective and efficient.


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