Decoding Eurocode 7

1 Decoding Eurocode 7 Andrew Bond and Andrew HarrisFirst published 2008by Taylor & Francis2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4 RNSimultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Taylor & Francis270 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USAT aylor & Francis is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business 2008 Andrew Bond and Andrew HarrisThis work has been produced from typeset copy supplied by the AuthorsPrinted and bound in Great Britain by The Cromwell Press, Trowbridge, rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in anyform or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented,including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system,without permission in writing from the publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy ofthe information contained in this book and neither the publisher nor the authors can acceptany legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made.

2 British Library Cataloguing in Publication DataA catalogue record for this book is available from the British LibraryLibrary of Congress Cataloging in Publication DataBond, Andrew, 1959- Decoding Eurocode 7 / Andrew Bond and Andrew Harris. -- 1st ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-415-40948-3 (hardback : alk. paper) 1. Engineeringgeology Standards Europe. 2. Structural design Standards Europe. 3. Standards,Engineering Europe. I. Harris, Andrew, 1955- II. Title. III. Title: Decoding Eurocode seven. 2008 '184--dc222008018633 ISBN10 0-415-40948-9 (hbk)ISBN10 0-203-93772-4 (ebk)ISBN13 978-0-415-40948-3 (hbk) ISBN13 978-0-203-93772-3 (ebk)Long contentsAbout the authorsxiAcknowledgementsxiiiPrologue1 Construction Products Directive 89/106/CE1 Scope of the book2 Key features of the book3 Outline of the book3 Further information6 Notes and references61 The Structural Structural Eurocode Links between the Timetable for wider International Standardization Organization (ISO) European Committee for Standardization (CEN) National standards bodies (NSBs)

3 Role of Eurocode 7 in UK of key and references212 Basis of structural of the and Application of limit state limit Limit state Limit state Limit state FAT35ivDecoding limit , combinations, and Combinations of Effects of properties and Material analysis and design by by the partial factor Partial factors on Partial factors on material Tolerances on Verification of strength for limit state Verification of stability for limit state of key Shear wall under combined Elevated bridge Concrete cylinder and references683 General rules for geotechnical of Eurocode 7 Part Commitment to limit state Complexity of Geotechnical and design Design Geotechnical Distinction between favourable and unfavourable Should water pressures be factored? and construction Design considerations relating to Design by Design by prescriptive Design by Design by observation89 Long , monitoring.

4 And Practical Geotechnical Design of key and references944 Ground investigation and for geotechnical investigation and Eurocode 7 Part Complementary ground Aims of a geotechnical Spacing of investigation Depth of investigation and classification of Soil Density of coarse Consistency and strength of fine and classification of Rock Rock material and rock Sampling Quality Applicability of sampling to obtain Minimum Groundwater measuring systems Planning and Applicability of groundwater measurement tests in soil and Field tests Specific Evaluation of tests Obtaining derived values from the test Applicability of field tests to obtain tests in soil and laboratory tests covered114viDecoding Evaluation and use of tests Applicability of laboratory tests to obtain of geotechnical of key Specification of field Borehole Specification of laboratory and references1255 Ground test results to geotechnical Direct the characteristic Problems applying statistics to geotechnical Cautious Representative Moderately conservative and worst credible How much ground is involved?

5 Well-established Standard tables of characteristic Summary of geotechnical studies selecting characteristic London and Lambeth clays at Singapore marine Thames Gravels at Conclusions from the case methods for ground Normal or log-normal distribution? Calculating the 95% confident mean Statistics for parameters that vary with Dealing with small data Use or abuse of statistics? oif key Standard penetration tests in Thames Gravel159 Long Undrained triaxial compression tests on London Shear box tests on Leighton Buzzard and references1706 Verification of of Effects of reliability into Actions and Material strength and Partial Design Approach Design Approach Design Approach Choice of Design Approach by different European countries ways of dealing with design Allowable or working stress design (ASD or WSD) Load and strength factor Load and resistance factor design (LRFD) of key and references2007 Verification of of reliability into the Partial of static Hydraulic Internal of key Wind Concrete Box Basement subject to Stability of weir against hydraulic Piping due to heave (HYD)

6 247viiiDecoding and references2518 Verification of of Effects of Limiting serviceability reliability into the verification of to determine of key and references2619 Design of slopes and investigation for slopes and situations and limit of of an infinitely long Closed-form solution using global factor of Closed-form solution using partial factors from Eurocode 7 Design charts for infinitely long of a finite slope (based on method of slices) Undrained analysis based on total Eurocode 7 implementation of the Conventional Drained analysis based on effective Eurocode 7 implementation of Bishop s Routine Design charts for finite , monitoring, and of key Infinite soil slope overlying permeable Infinite soil slope overlying impermeable Road cutting (using design charts) Road cutting (using slope stability software) Road embankment over an alluvial flood and references30410 Design of investigation for situations and limit of subject to vertical Effects of Eccentric loading and effective foundation area310 Long Drained bearing Non-dimensional factors applied to the triple-N Undrained bearing Gross or net bearing resistance?

7 Subject to horizontal Effects of Drained sliding Undrained sliding Passive earth pressure favourable action or resistance? for , monitoring, and of key Worked Pad footing on dry Eccentric pad footing on dry Strip footing on Settlement of strip footing on Notes and references35111 Design of gravity investigation for gravity situations and limit of Unplanned Selection of water Wall friction and Passive earth pressure favourable action or resistance? concrete Reinforced concrete walls with narrow gravity fill for , monitoring, and Summary of key Worked T-shaped gravity wall retaining dry fill (undrained analysis)xDecoding T-shaped gravity wall retaining dry fill (drained analysis) T-shaped gravity wall retaining wet Mass concrete wall retaining dry Notes and references39712 Design of embedded investigation for embedded situations and limit of Role of CIRIA C580 in UK Unplanned Selection of water Wall friction and equilibrium Fixed-earth Free-earth At-rest values of earth Limiting values of earth Passive earth pressure: resistance or action?

8 Net interaction Sub-grade reaction Numerical for , monitoring, and of key Worked Cantilever embedded Anchored sheet pile Notes and references44013 Design of investigation for situations and limit of Design by static load Design by Design using dynamic load Design using pile driving formulae or wave equation subject to Downdrag450 Long subject to subject to transverse reliability into the design of Partial Design Approach Design Approach Design Approach by by Correlation Traditional Changes made in the UK National Changes to resistance Changes to correlation Supervision, monitoring, and Summary of key Worked Concrete pile driven into clay and Concrete pile from Example to UK National Static load tests for the Emirates Stadium in Design of continuous flight auger piles from cone Designing to a set with a pile driving Notes and references50714 Design of investigation for situations and limit of Investigation Suitability Acceptance resistance from Characteristic pull-out Design pull-out resistance by of key Grouted anchors supporting an embedded retaining and references52615 Execution of geotechnical work of CEN TC Bored Displacement and steep Sheet pile Diaphragm Ground Reinforced Soil Jet Deep Deep Vertical of key and references55516 Geotechnical investigation and testing Drilling and sampling Field investigation laboratory test Investigation Derived Design with existing British Standard

9 BS AGS Guidelines for preparing the Ground Geotechnical Baseline Report writes what? of key and references571 Epilogue573 Reaction to the Eurocodes573 Dissemination575 Looking ahead576 Conclusion576 Long contentsxiiiAppendix 1: Slope stability design charts577 Appendix 2: Earth pressure coefficients581 Appendix 3: Notes on worked examples589