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9 Assessment Testing Contents Appendices E through I are PDF documents posted online at the book's Companion Website (located at ). Preface xxi 1 Introduction to Computers, the Internet and the Web 1. Introduction 2. Computers: Hardware and Software 3. Computer Organization 4. Personal, Distributed and Client/Server Computing 5. The Internet and the World Wide Web 5. Machine Languages, Assembly Languages and High-Level Languages 6. History of C 7. C Standard Library 8. C++ 9. Java 9. Fortran, COBOL, Pascal and Ada 10. BASIC, visual Basic, visual C++, C# and .NET 10. Key Software Trend: Object Technology 11. Typical C Program Development Environment 12. Hardware Trends 14. Notes About C and This Book 15. Web Resources 16. 2 Introduction to c programming 23. Introduction 24. A Simple C Program: Printing a Line of Text 24. Another Simple C Program: Adding Two Integers 28.

10 Memory Concepts 33. Arithmetic in C 34. Decision Making: Equality and Relational Operators 38. 3 Structured Program Development in C 54. Introduction 55. Algorithms 55. x Contents Pseudocode 55. Control Structures 56. The if Selection Statement 58. The if else Selection Statement 59. The while Repetition Statement 63. Formulating Algorithms Case Study 1: Counter-Controlled Repetition 64. Formulating Algorithms with Top-Down, Stepwise Refinement Case Study 2: Sentinel-Controlled Repetition 66. Formulating Algorithms with Top-Down, Stepwise Refinement Case Study 3: Nested Control Structures 73. Assignment Operators 77. Increment and Decrement Operators 78. 4 C Program Control 97. Introduction 98. Repetition Essentials 98. Counter-Controlled Repetition 99. for Repetition Statement 100. for Statement: Notes and Observations 103. Examples Using the for Statement 103.