Department of Environmental - الصفحات الشخصية

1 Department ofEnvironmentalandEarthscienceat Islamic University of Gaza(IUG)-represent-EnvironmentalImpactA ssessmentEnvironmentalImpactAssessment-E IA-Prof. Dr. Samir Afifi3 - Environmental impact assessment TOOLS AND TECHNIQUESC hapter 3 Environmental impact AssessmentEnvironmental impact AssessmentTools and Techniques1/343 - Environmental impact assessment TOOLS AND TECHNIQUESD esirable of EIA methodologiesEIA Methods based on equality opennessEIA Methods based on equality, openness, cost-effectiveness and efficiency approach and should also be:9 Comprehensive:Recognize intricate systems dbdl i tl tihiand bound complex interrelationships;9 Selective: Pinpoint critical (significant) impacts and eliminate as early as possible pypunimportant impacts.

2 1/343 - Environmental impact assessment TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES9 Comparative: Determine Environmental changes resulting from the project compared ggpjpby that occur under existing conditions;9 Objective: Provide unbiased measurements ffliti ldtl i flfree from political and external - Environmental impact assessment TOOLS AND TECHNIQUESC ommonly Used EIA Tools Checklists Mti Matrices Networks Map overlays hi i fi Geographic information systems (GIS)(GIS) Task-specific computer modeling Expert systems5/343 - Environmental impact assessment TOOLS AND TECHNIQUESS uccessful utilization of analytical toolsSuccessful utilization of analytical tools depends on: Nature of the project and competence fhof the users. Scale and scope of anticipated impactsFor example, the use of costly GIS technology and expertise may not be justified for a small 6/34pyjproject of limited Environmental - Environmental impact assessment TOOLS AND TECHNIQUESSome simple EIA tools used for Scoping, Prediction and Evaluation1- ChecklistsChecklists Types: Simple Checklists Descriptive Checklists Descriptive Checklists Questionnaire ChecklistsQ Threshold of Concern Checklists7/343 - Environmental impact assessment TOOLS AND TECHNIQUESWhat are Checklists?

3 Structured list to identify relevant Environmental factors forenvironmental factors for consideration in EIA,, Encourage discussion during the learly stages Represent the collective knowledge Represent the collective knowledge and judgment 8/34jg3 - Environmental impact assessment TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES=== Cont. What are Checklists? Ensure nothing has been left out; Do not require the clear Do not require the clear establishment of direct cause-effect links to project activities. Ch klih Checklists cannotrepresent the interdependence connectivity orinterdependence, connectivity, or synergism between interacting 8/34yggenvironmental - Environmental impact assessment TOOLS AND TECHNIQUESC hecklists Advantages:1. Can structure initial stages of assessmentassessment2 Help to ensure that vital factors are to ensure that vital factors are not neglected3.

4 Easy to apply, particularly by non-experts8/343 - Environmental impact assessment TOOLS AND TECHNIQUESS imple checklists:offers simplicityProposed ActivitiesclearingXoffers simplicity for gathering and classifyinggcut/fillXdredgingXand classifying information, do blasting- Environmental components:Physicalnot provide information on Physicalair qualityXwater qualityXspecific needs for data,qywater flowXBiologicalihbiXfor data, spawning habitatXrearing habitatXSocio-economic8/34 Socio-economicfishingX3 - Environmental impact assessment TOOLS AND TECHNIQUESD escriptive checklists:Give guidance how to assess impactGive guidance how to assess impact8/343 - Environmental impact assessment TOOLS AND TECHNIQUESQ uestionnaire checklists:8/343 - Environmental impact assessment TOOLS AND TECHNIQUEST hreshold of Concern (TOC) checklists:8/343 - Environmental impact assessment TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES2- MatricescesMost Commonly used Method of impact IdentificationMatrices Types:yp Simple Matrices Time Dependent Matrices Time Dependent Matrices Magnitude Matricesg Quantified Matrix (Leopold Matrix) Wi htdM ti Weighted Matrices9/343 - Environmental impact assessment TOOLS AND TECHNIQUESWhat are Matrices?

5 Matrices are two-dimensional tables which facilitate the identification of impacts arising from the interaction between project activities and specific Environmental componentscomponents. The entries in the cell of the matrix can be either qualitative or quantitative estimates of IIPhase I Environmental ComponentsProject ActivitiesWater QualityAirAirBiodiversity10/34 Standard of living3 - Environmental impact assessment TOOLS AND TECHNIQUESM atrices advantages: Visually describe relationship between two sets of factors,two sets of factors, Expanded or contracted to meet needs fhlbidof the proposal being assessed, Identify impacts of different phases of yppproject, construction, itifi it f Help separate site-specific impacts from impacts affecting region10/34pgg3 - Environmental impact assessment TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES1- Simple Matrices11/343 - Environmental impact assessment TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES2- Time Dependent Matrices.

6 11/343 - Environmental impact assessment TOOLS AND TECHNIQUESP reliminary Matrix of Potential Environmental Impacts (continued)3- Magnitude MatricesImprovement of Rehabilitation of Wadi Gaza into a Environmental NoAgriculture Infrastructure in the Wadi Gaza Area **protected natural National Park * Items1110987654321. Historic and Cultural Heritage Archaeological and cultural Archaeological and cultural heritage sites. Human Health Public and Local community health risks Workers health and safety Noise11/34 Adverse impact Positive impact 3 - Environmental impact assessment TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES3- Magnitude Matrices11/343 - Environmental impact assessment TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES4- Quantified Matrix (Leopold Matrix):Leopold Matrix lists100project actions and88environmentalLeopold Matrix lists 100project actions and 88environmental characteristics elements and conditions11/343 - Environmental impact assessment TOOLS AND TECHNIQUESLldMiLeopold Matrix11/343 - Environmental impact assessment TOOLS AND TECHNIQUESHow to use a Leopold Matrix.

7 9 Identify all actions that are part of the proposed projectproposed project 9 Under each of the proposed actions, place a slash at the intersection with each item onslash at the inter-section with each item on the side 0f the matrix if an impact is possibledcbaaaa12/34c3 - Environmental impact assessment TOOLS AND TECHNIQUESHow to use a Leopold Matrix:9In the upper left hand corner of each box with a slash, place a number from1to10which indicates the MAGNITUDE ofa number from 1to 10which indicates the MAGNITUDE of the possible impact ; 10 represents - the greatest magnitude of impact and 1, the least (no zeroes). Before each number place p,()p+ (if the impact would be beneficial!). 9In the lower right hand corner of the box place a number from 1 to 10 which indicates the IMPORT ANCE of the possible impact ( regional vs.)

8 Local); 10 represents the greatest': importance and1the least (no zeroes)dcbagreatest': importance and 1the least (no zeroes) + 5 8- 1 3ab12/34bc3 - Environmental impact assessment TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES5- Weighted Matrices11/343 - Environmental impact assessment TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES=== cont. Weighted Matrices11/343 - Environmental impact assessment TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES3-Networks Matrices are limited to identifying Matrices are limited to identifying cause-effect linkages (direct impact ). Network diagram visually describes these linkages providing somethese linkages, providing some indication of how an ecosystem operates. Different levels of information can beDifferent levels of information can be displayed in a network diagram to study - Environmental impact assessment TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES=== Holistic" characteristic approach of network is to recognize series ofof network is to recognize series of impacts may be activated by a single pyygproject action.

9 Thith didid t This method provides a guide to identification of second and third-identification of second and thirdorder effects (indirect impact ).15/343 - Environmental impact assessment TOOLS AND TECHNIQUESL imitations of Networks A network may be an unnecessary and A network may be an unnecessary and generalization of reality unless relationships bidiidlbetween individual ecosystem components are adequately Individual ecosystem or social system elements may not be easily recognized orelements may not be easily recognized or found in the diagram, especially as the level fd t iliof detail increases. Networks cannot describe temporal aspects 16/34of ecosystem - Environmental impact assessment TOOLS AND TECHNIQUESS orensen Network as an Example Sorensen network is probably the best Sorensen network is probably the best known approach for investigating higher order impacts.

10 It identifies feasible mitigation measures. gStructure/ content of the network must be predefined for a particular EIApredefined for a particular EIA. Its application is limited by adequate data il bilitdftkltavailability and reference networks relevant to the local environment 17/343 - Environmental impact assessment TOOLS AND TECHNIQUESA Network Analysis of Dredging18/343 - Environmental impact assessment TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES4- Map Overlays (Overlay Maps)(Overlay Maps) An effective visual aid, Useful as documentation Useful as documentation of Environmental ditii tib fconditions existing before project implementationdibbh May describe both biophysical and social aspects of area under - Environmental impact assessment TOOLS AND TECHNIQUESS ample photo overlaySample photo overlay+=19/343 - Environmental impact assessment TOOLS AND TECHNIQUESThe overlay method is effective in considering: Sensitive lands requiring protection from Sensitive lands, requiring protection from human activity ( , shorelines, wetlands, etc.)