Development Construction Manual September 2019

1 Development Construction Manual September 2019 1 CONTENTS Section 1 Introduction and Background Scope of the Manual 9 Status of the Manual 9 Glossary of Terms 10 Approval Process 14 Other Relevant Documents 15 Advance Payments Code (APC) 16 Maintainability Audits 18 Types of Legal Agreements 20 Other Agreements 25 Payment of Costs 26 Compensation 26 Technical Approval Process 27 Formal Technical Approval 36 Pre- Construction requirements for a Section 38 Agreement 36 Pre- Construction requirements for a Section 106/278 Minor Works Authorisation 37 Other Pre- Construction requirements 38 Construction 41 Post Construction 44 Section 2 Design Standards Introduction 47 Adoptable Roads 47 Footways and Cycle Tracks 47 Structures 48 Surface Water Drainage 51 Street Lighting 57 Passively Safe Signposts, Lighting Columns and Traffic Signal Poles 58 Car and Cycle Parking 59 Industrial Estate Roads 60 Public Transport 63 Traffic Regulation Orders 63 Public Rights of Way (PROW)

2 64 2 Section 3 - General Requirements Existing Street Furniture and Fittings 65 Protection of the Public 66 Protection of Existing Structures, Walls and Fences, etc 66 Protection of Watercourses 66 Protection of Existing Trees and Landscaping 66 Control of Noise 67 Working adjacent to Existing Highways 67 Openings in Publicly Maintainable Highways 68 New Roads and Street Works Act 1991 (NRSWA) 68 Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (CDM) 68 Road Safety Audits 69 Preliminary Site Meeting and Inspections 70 Commencement and Programme of Works 71 Project Engineering Drawings 71 Setting Out 72 Cold Weather Working 72 Construction Levels 72 Routing of Construction Vehicles 73 Keeping Highways Clean 73 Parking for Site Staff 74 British Standards Specification 74 Testing General 74 Ground Investigation and Design CBR 75 Tests for Structures 76 Bulk Density and Air Void Determination of Bituminous Materials 76 Determination of Layer Thickness and Bond 76 Minimum Length of Road Construction 77 Section 4 Materials and Workmanship Introduction 78 Site Clearing and Earthworks Order of Earthworks 79 Site Clearance 79 Trees and Hedgerows 80 Removal of Topsoil 80 Bulk Excavation and Filling 80 3 Treatment of Unsound Ground 81 Excavations for Carriageways 81 Treatment of Slide Slopes

3 82 Filling Materials- General 82 Materials for Embankments 83 Forming of Embankments 83 Maximum Moisture Content 84 Embankments over Culverts 84 Temporary Drainage of Earthworks 85 Preparation of Formation 85 Soft Spots 85 Foul, Surface Water and Subsoil Drainage Excavations of Trenches 86 Dealing with Water 86 Concrete Pipes and Specials 87 Concrete Perforated Pipes 87 Concrete Porous Pipes 87 Vitrified Clay Pipes, Fittings and Ducts 87 UPVC Pipes 87 Iron Pipes 87 Laying Pipes and Jointing Pipes with Flexible Joints 88 Mortar 88 Type of Brickwork Bond and Mortar Laying Joints 88 Damage to Joints 89 Concrete Bed and Haunch 89 Concrete Protection 89 Testing of Pipelines 89 Filling Materials- Backfilling of Trenches 90 Backfilling of Trenches 90 Completion of Drainage 90 Sub Soil and French Drains 91 Connections to existing Sewers and Drains 91 Gully Connections 92 Temporary Stoppers 92 Gully pots for Carriageways 92 Gully Gratings and Frames 92 Footpath and Cycle Track Gullies 93 Setting of Gully Pots, Gully Gratings and Frames 93 Catchpits, Manholes and Chambers- General 94 Precast Concrete Manholes.

4 Chamber and Soakaways 94 Brick Manholes and Chambers 95 Manhole and Chambers Covers and Frames 95 Manhole Steps 97 4 Access Ladders 98 Jointing Compounds for Manholes, Chambers and Soakaways 98 Granolithic Facings 98 Reinstatement of Adjoining Surfaces 98 Streams and Watercourses 99 Soakaways and other Infiltration Features - General 99 Precast Concrete Soakaways 100 Ponds, Wetlands, Detention/Infiltration Basins and Swales 100 Geocellular Storage 100 Permeable Paving 101 Footways, Footpath, Cycle Tracks and Service Strip Compaction of Trenches 102 General Preparation 102 Preparation of Formation 102 Soft Spots 102 Precast Concrete Edging 103 Sub-Base 103 Surfacing 103 Pram/Wheelchair Crossings 104 Vehicle Crossings 104 Precast Concrete Tactile Paving 105 Precast Concrete Flag Paving 105 Hard Landscaping 106 Statutory Undertakers covers and frames 106 Kerbing and Channelling Precast Concrete Kerbs, Channels, Edgings 106 Combined Kerb and Drainage Units (CKD) 107 Granite Setts 107 Kerb Foundations 107 Kerb Lines 108 Damage to Kerbs 108 Carriageway Construction (Flexible)

5 Order of Works 108 Formation Preparation 109 Granular Sub-Base Type 1 109 Recycled Materials 109 Geosynthetics 109 5 Laying the Sub Base 110 Asphalt Concrete 110 Hot Rolled Asphalt 111 Thin Surface Course Systems 112 High Friction Surfacing 112 Transporting Laying and Compacting- General 112 Laying Bituminous Material 112 Compaction of Bituminous Material 113 Bond between Bituminous Layers 115 Statutory Undertakers Covers and Frames 116 Concrete General Cement Bound Material 116 Cement 116 Aggregates for Concretes 117 Water 118 Concrete Strengths 118 Water Cement Ratio 118 Higher Strength Concrete 118 Workability of Concrete 119 Admixtures other than Air Entraining Agents 119 Dowel Bars 119 Tie Bars 119 steel Reinforcement 120 Curing Compounds 120 Pre-Formed Joint Filler 121 Joint Sealant and Seals 121 Carriageway Construction Rigid Sub-Base Layer 121 Waterproof Underlay 121 Construction of Formwork 122 Pavement Quality Concrete 122 Air Entraining Agents 123 Mixing Concrete 123 Ready Mixed Concrete 124 Workability 124 Transporting and Placing Concrete 124 Concrete Carriageways 125 Expansion Joints 126 Longitudinal Joints 127 steel Reinforcement 127 Surface Finish 127 6 Channels and Joints 127 Compaction of Concrete 128 Protection of Concrete Bays 128 Curing 129 Finished Concrete Carriageway 129 Preparation and Sealing of Joints 129 Statutory Undertaker Covers and Frames 130 Block Paving Concrete Blocks and Clay Pavers for Paving 130 Laying Pattern 130 Laying Course for Block Paving 131 Laying of the Block Surfacing 131 Compacting Block Surfacing 132 Joint Filling 132 Early Trafficking 133 4.

6 10 Traffic Signs and Road Markings Traffic Signs 133 Posts 133 Street Nameplates 134 Fixing and Erection 134 Road Markings 135 Road Studs 135 Street Furniture and Ancillary Gates and Stiles 135 Salt Bins and Gradients of Road 135 Bollards 136 Road Restraint Systems and Guardrail 137 Street Lighting Preparation and planning 137 Street lighting Specification 138 7 Soft Landscaping Standard Landscaping Grass Verges 138 Enhanced Landscape Trees and Shrubs 138 Planting of Shrubs and Trees in Highways Verges 139 Topsoil 140 Compost 140 Fertilisers 140 Turfing 141 Seeding 141 Grass Seed 141 Minimum Grass Verge and Planting Bed Sizes 142 Reinforcing Verges 142 Tree Planting within Paved Areas 142 No Dig Policy Construction works adjacent to trees 142 Appendix A Tables Table 1 - Industrial Adoptable Roads Basic Data 144 Table 2 - Industrial Adoptable Roads Widening on Bends 145 Table 3 - Industrial Adoptable Roads Construction Details 146 Table 4 - Road Type Table 147 Table 5 - Summary of Pavement Construction for Adoptable Roads 149 Table 6 - Road Pavement Foundations 154 Table 7 - Granular Bedding and Fill for Flexible Pipes and Land Drains 155 Table 8 - Concrete for Ancillary Purposes 156 Appendix B Figures Figure 1 Residential Adoptable Roads Turning Spaces 157 Figure 2 Residential Adoptable Roads Turning Spaces 158 Figure 3 Residential Adoptable Roads Turning Spaces 159 Figure 4 Industrial Adoptable Roads Turning Spaces 160 Appendix C Notes for GuidanceNotes and information for guidance on the preparation and submission of Project Engineering drawings for adoptable roads 161 8 Appendix D Testing Sampling and Testing Regime 182 Appendix E Payment of Costs Works costs including works

7 Deposits and inspection fees 185 Traffic Regulation Order costs 186 Commuted Sum Costs 189 Legal Costs 192 Licence and Consent costs 192 Appendix F Passenger Transport Passenger Transport Infrastructure Standards Guide Abridged Version 196 Information Sheet for Parties Wishing to Temporarily Suspend A Bus Stop 204 Appendix G Maintainability Audits Requirements 206 Designers Maintenance Checklist 207 Appendix H Contact List Essex County Council Contacts 209 Appendix I-Standard Section 38 Agreement Section 38 pro forma 211 Appendix J Departure from Standards (DfS) Procedure Departure from Standards 220 Appendix K Traffic Management Process and Links Road Opening Notice and Traffic Management Assessment Form 227 Appendix L List of updates List of updates 230 9 SECTION 1 Introduction and Background SCOPE OF THE Manual This Manual shall apply to all works which are intended to become highway maintainable at public expense, including works within the existing highway relating to new Development within the County of Essex.

8 Adherence to this Manual will normally ensure that residential estate roads, industrial estate roads and associated works which are designed in accordance with Essex County Council s documents, guidelines and drawings will be acceptable to the Highway Authority for adoption. Where highway works are proposed, it is advisable that discussions are held with the Project Engineer prior to the submission of a planning application and as early in the process as possible. STATUS OF THE Manual This is the standard document for Development Management throughout Essex. Essex County Council is the Highway Authority within the County of Essex (excluding trunk roads, for which the Highway Agency is the Highway Authority, and the Unitary Authorities of Thurrock and Southend-on-Sea). It should be noted however that, although an application may conform in all respects to the document, it could still be unacceptable and contrary to Policies in the Local Transport Plan and/or Local Development Frameworks because, for example, of its effects on surrounding roads.

9 Policies on all aspects of transportation are continually emerging and being modified and Designers should ensure they take full account of all relevant and up to date policies in this respect. It is the designers responsibility to ensure the most up to date 10 standards, specifications, codes of practice, legislation, guidance notes etc. are used when designing the works. Should there be a significant time lapse between design and commencement of work on site then Essex County Council reserve the right to insist the design is revisited and amended if necessary to comply with the latest relevant details. Whilst this document is accurate at the time of publication, an up to date version can be found on the County Council website Adoptions and Land | Essex County Council All addendums to the document will be given in Appendix L. The County Council reserve the right to modify, alter and amend the agreed specifications should policies and technical advice change, or special circumstances arise.

10 GLOSSARY OF TERMS The under mentioned terms are given their full meaning here and will be used in the body of this Manual in abbreviated form. Their meaning to be construed as herein stated: Advance Payments Code (APC) An APC secures the payment of expenses for carrying out street works in private streets next to new buildings by the Landowner/Developer and to reduce liability on any future purchasers if the street is not completed for any reason. Approval or Technical Approval shall mean the checking and approval by the Project Engineer of the detailed plans, drawings, specifications and requirements against applicable safety standards and best practice employed or recommended in highway design works. Approval in principle (AIP) the term given to the technical approval of structures. 11 BBA Certificate shall mean a certificate to confirm that a product has been suitably tested and approved for use by the British Board of Agr ment.