Dictionary of Aviation - THE AIRLINE PILOTS

1 Dictionary ofAviationsecond editionSpecialist dictionariesDictionary of Accounting0 7475 6991 6 Dictionary of Agriculture0 7136 7778 3 Dictionary of Banking and Finance0 7136 7739 2 Dictionary of Business0 7136 7918 2 Dictionary of Computing0 7475 6622 4 Dictionary of Economics0 7136 8203 5 Dictionary of Environment and Ecology0 7475 7201 1 Dictionary of Food Science and Nutrition0 7136 7784 8 Dictionary of Human Resources and Personnel Management0 7136 8142 XDictionary of ICT0 7475 6990 8 Dictionary of Information and Library Management0 7136 7591 8 Dictionary of Law0 7475 6636 4 Dictionary of Leisure, Travel and Tourism0 7475 7222 4 Dictionary of Marketing0 7475 6621 6 Dictionary of Media Studies0 7136 7593 4 Dictionary of Medical Terms0 7136 7603 5 Dictionary of Nursing0 7475 6634 8 Dictionary of Politics and Government0 7475 7220 8 Dictionary of Publishing and Printing0 7136 7589 6 Dictionary of Science and Technology0 7475 6620 8 Dictionary of Sport and Exercise Science0 7136 7785 6 Easier English titlesEasier English Basic Dictionary0 7475 6644 5 Easier English Basic Synonyms0 7475 6979 7 Easier English Intermediate Dictionary0 7475 6989 4 Easier English Student Dictionary0 7475 6624 0 Check Your English Vocabulary workbooksAcademic English0 7475 6691 7 Business and Administration0 7136 7916 6 Human Resources0 7475 6997 5 IELTS0 7136 7604 3 Law0 7136 7592 6 Living in the UK0 7136 7914 XMedicine0 7136 7590 XPET0 7475 6627 5 Phrasal Verbs and Idioms0 7136 7805 4 TOEFL 0 7475 6984 3 TOEIC 0 7136 7508 XVisit

2 Our website for full details of all our ofAviationsecond editionDavid CrockerA & C Black LondonOriginally published by Peter Collin PublishingasDictionary of Aeronautical EnglishFirst edition published 1999 Second edition published 2005 by Bloomsbury Publishing PlcReprinted 2007 byA&C Black Publishers Ltd38 Soho Square, London W1D 3 HBCopyright David Crocker and Peter Collin Publishing Ltd. 1999 Revisions and additional material A&C Black Publishers Ltd 2007 All rights reserved. No part of this publication maybe reproduced in any form or by any means without theprior written permission of the CIP record for this book is available from the British LibraryeISBN-13: 978-1-4081-0226-8 Text Production and ProofreadingKaty McAdam, Sandra Anderson, Heather Bateman, Emma HarrisThis book is produced using paper that is made from wood grown in managed,sustainable forests. It is natural, renewable and recyclable. The logging andmanufacturing processes conform to the environmental regulations of thecountry of processed and typeset by A&C BlackPrinted in Spain by GraphyCemsPrefaceEnglish is the universal language of communication used in civil Aviation .

3 Thisdictionary provides the basic vocabulary of terms used by PILOTS , cabin staff,maintenance crews, ground staff and travellers worldwide. The terms are those usedin everyday work on aircraft, and cover parts of the aircraft, manipulating theaircraft on the ground and in the air, instructions to passengers, conversations withair traffic control, weather, emergencies, conventional aeronautical dictionaries, theDictionary of Aviationdefinesvocabulary often found in conjunction with the purely technical terms as well as thetechnical terms themselves. Simple explanations are presented in simple language,making the Dictionary ideal for those working towards a private or commercialpilot s licence, as well as trainee maintenance engineers and more experiencedprofessionals. We also give examples to show how the words are used in have selected quotations from various specialised magazines to show the wordsand phrases as they are used in real- life situations.

4 The supplements at the back givefurther information in the form of are particularly grateful to the staff at Qatar Aeronautical College for their helpin the production of the first edition of this Dictionary . Thanks are also due toStephen Copeland and Gavin Rowden for specialist advice and helpful suggestionsduring the preparation of this new information contained in this Dictionary is not to be regarded as a substitute forformal training in a given GuideThe following symbols have been used to show the pronunciation of the mainwords in the is indicated by a main stress mark ( ) and a secondary stress mark ( ).Note that these are only guides, as the stress of the word changes according to itsposition in the backbbuck harmddead stop othera typed jumpa howffarea hire golda hourhhead coursejyellow annoykcabeheadlleavee fairmmixe makennile go sing wordpprinti keeprrestihappyssave about shop fitttake neart changeuannual theftu poolvvalue bookwwork tourxloch'shut measurezzoneAAAIBAAIB abbreviation Air Accident Inves-tigation BranchAARAAARA abbreviation air to air refuellingareaabbreviateabbreviate / | bri vie t/ verb toshorten a word or a text Air TrafficControl is usually abbreviated to ATC.

5 Abbreviated weather report a short-ened weather reportabbreviationabbreviation / | bri vi| e ( )n/ nounthe short form of a word or text Aero-nautical charts use abbreviations andsymbols. Km is the abbreviation : Abbreviations can causeconfusion. They may range from thosewhich have a very specific meaning asdefined by an authoritative body, toothers which may come aboutbecause of personal usage in note-making, etc. ICAO approvedabbreviations may differ from thoseused in JARs. AC can mean alternating current or altocumulus .CPL is generally taken to meanCommercial Pilot s Licence but theICAO definition is Current Flight in technology havesignificantly increased the number ofabbreviations with which PILOTS andengineers must be in this Dictionary includethose with generally accepteddefinitions and others with specificICAO / | b l ti/ noun the power,knowledge or skill needed to do some-thing Strength is the ability of a mate-rial to support a load.

6 He has greatability he has good skills or is verycleverableable / e b( )l/ adjective skilful andcompetent to be able to to have thepower, knowledge, skill or strength todo something Is she able to carry thisheavy suitcase?able-bodiedable-bodied / e b( )l b did/ adjec-tive referring to a person who has nophysical disabilities Physically disad-vantaged as well as able-bodied peoplecan gain a / b| n m( )l/ adjectivenot normalabnormalityabnormality / bn | m l ti/ nounsomething that is not normal, expectedor correct, and is therefore possiblyworrying Any abnormality in engineperformance should be loadabnormal load / b| n m( )l l d/noun a load which is heavier than nor-malabortabort / | b t/ verb 1. to stop some-thing taking place They had to abortthe landing because of a violent storm2. to end something before it has fin-ishedabsoluteabsolute / bs lu t/ adjective com-plete, total absolute necessity some-thing that you cannot manage withoutunder any circumstances absolutesilence a condition in which no soundof any kind can be heardabsolute ceilingabsolute ceiling / bs lu t si l /noun the maximum height above sealevel at which an aircraft can maintainhorizontal flightabsolute humidityabsolute humidity / bs lu t hju | m d ti/ noun the vapour concentrationor mass of water in a given quantity Page 1 Wednesday, November 24, 2004 3.

7 45 PMabsolute pressure2absolute pressureabsolute pressure / bs lu t pre / noun a unit of force per unit ofarea without comparison to other pres-sure Aircraft show absolute pressurein inches of mercury on the inlet mani-fold pressure valueabsolute value / bs lu t v lju /noun the size or value of a numberregardless of its sign The absolutevalue of is zeroabsolute zero / bs lu t z r /noun the lowest temperature possible,0 K, or Cabsorbabsorb / b| z b/ verb to take in Warm air absorbs moisture more easilythan cold air. Our bodies absorb oxy-gen. to absorb information to under-stand and remember something Onlya few passengers absorb the pre-depar-ture safety / b| z p n/ noun theact of taking something in There isabsorption of energy by the tyre whenthe aircraft abbreviation 1. alternating current2. altocumulus (ICAO)ACARSACARS abbreviation airborne com-munication, addressing and reportingsystemACASACAS / e k s/ abbreviation airbornecollision avoidance systemACCACC abbreviation area control centreaccelerateaccelerate / k| sel re t/ verb toincrease speed After start-up, theengine accelerates up to idling speed.

8 The aircraft accelerated down the run-way and took off. Opposite decelerateaccelerationacceleration / k| sel | re ( )n/noun 1. the act of increasing the speedof something or of going faster. Oppo-site deceleration (NOTE: Accelerationcan be felt as an aircraft begins its take-off run.) 2. a force that pulls outwardsand is caused by a change in directionrather than a change in speed Acceler-ation forces can be felt during due to earth s gravityacceleration due to earth sgravity noun the pulling force exertedon a body by the Earth. It has an inter-national standard value of per second per second. Abbrevi-ation gaccelerometeraccelerometer / k| sel | r m t /noun an instrument that measures anaircraft s accelerationacceptaccept / k| sept/ verb 1. to be able totake or receive Some units acceptelectrical inputs from the autopilot. take or receive something when it isgiven to you She accepted the awardon behalf of the whole crew.

9 To accepta gift, to accept a prize to take a prizewhich is handed to you 3. to be willingto receive or admit something toaccept the blame to be willing to admitthat you were the person who causedsomething bad to happen The airlineaccepted the blame for the loss of theirbaggage. to accept responsibility tobe willing to be answerable for some-thing The copilot accepted responsi-bility for the / k| sept b( )l/ adjectiveallowed or approved of, although it maynot be perfect acceptable level ofsafety a good enough standard of safety acceptable limits the limits generallyregarded as correct there must be acontinuous flow of clean oil at anacceptable temperature the tempera-ture of the oil must be within givenmaximum and minimum figuresacceptanceacceptance / k| sept ns/ noun to believe something oragree to something There is a growingacceptance that safety is the main pri-ority.

10 2. willingness to do or use some-thing acceptance of new technologywillingness to use new technologyacceptedaccepted / k| sept d/ adjectivebelieved or recognised It is acceptedthat incorrect use of English played apart in the accident. It is generallyaccepted that flying is one of the safestforms of / kses/ noun a way to find orget at something to gain access to tomanage to enter a place access toinformation the means to get at,retrieve and use information verb tofind and use to access data, to accessinformation to find, retrieve and usedata or Page 2 Wednesday, November 24, 2004 3:45 PM3according toaccessibilityaccessibility / k| ses | b l ti/ nounthe ease with which something can bereached or found Accessibility of com-ponents and equipment during servic-ing enables work to be done / k| ses b( )l/ adjectiveeasy to get at It is a good idea to havea set of emergency charts in an accessi-ble place in the cockpit.