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dictionary of common special education terms and …

dictionary of common special education terms and Acronyms 3/2008 Parent Information Center _____ A _____ AA: Area Agency NH s regional system providing services to individuals with developmental disabilities and their families ABA: Applied Behavioral Analysis One research-based method for supporting/teaching children with certain disabilities, most commonly with children with autism or autism spectrum disorders. ABAS II: Adaptive Behavior System, 2nd edition (test) Ability grouping: clusters students according to past performance so teachers can instruct them at the same level.

3 Articulation: Speaking; most often referring to the clarity or understandability of a student’s speech. Disorders of articulation are shown in omissions (leaving out sounds), substitutions (“teef” for “teeth”), distortions (lisping), or

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Transcription of dictionary of common special education terms and …

1 dictionary of common special education terms and Acronyms 3/2008 Parent Information Center _____ A _____ AA: Area Agency NH s regional system providing services to individuals with developmental disabilities and their families ABA: Applied Behavioral Analysis One research-based method for supporting/teaching children with certain disabilities, most commonly with children with autism or autism spectrum disorders. ABAS II: Adaptive Behavior System, 2nd edition (test) Ability grouping: clusters students according to past performance so teachers can instruct them at the same level.

2 See grouping, tracking ABS: Adaptive Behavior Scale tests that measures an individual s personal (independence) and social skills Academic achievement: a student s level of academic performance when measured against the general curriculum. Academic aptitude: The combination of native and/or acquired abilities needed for doing schoolwork; also called scholastic aptitude. ACCH: Association for the Care of Children s Health Accommodations: changes in how material is taught or a test is administered but does not substantially alter what the test measures; includes changes in presentation format, response format, test setting or test timing Accountability: refers to federal, state, and school district policies developed to hold districts, school staff, and/ or students responsible for academic performance.

3 Test scores are often used as the measure of success or failure. Achievement/ability discrepancy: a criterion often used to determine whether a child has a learning disability. It asks, is the child working up to expectations? Achievement gap: is the difference in academic performance between students of any different groups, such as between children with and without disabilities, or different racial-ethnic groups and income levels. Achievement Test: test that measures competency in a particular area of knowledge or skill; measures mastery or acquisition of skills (generally applies to skills that have been taught) Acuity: Keenness or sharpness of sight, hearing or much a child can see or hear.

4 ADA: Americans with Disabilities Act Adaptive Behavior: a sort of practical intelligence. It is usually measured by scales that identify how well a person manages with independence within his or her own environment. The term includes: communication, community participation, self-direction, health and safety, functional academics, leisure and work. ADC: Awaiting Disposition of the Court. ADD: Attention Deficit Disorder See ADHD (sometimes used to mean ADHD without hyperactivity) Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP): AYP is a term used in the No Child Left Behind Act.

5 It is the state's measure of progress toward the goal of 100 percent of students achieving to state academic standards in at least reading/language arts and math, and sets the minimum level of proficiency that the state, its school districts, and schools must achieve each year on annual tests and related academic indicators. ADHD: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: a medical diagnosis; may also be referred to as ADD. ADL: Activities of Daily Living 2 Administrative case management: the following activities that are not direct instruction but that are necessary to facilitate a student s special education : (a) Scheduling IEP meetings; (b) Coordinating evaluations, and IEP drafting; (c) Visiting potential student placement environments; (d) Communicating with a parent; and (e) Updating progress reports for meeting IEP goals.

6 Administrative due process hearing (also called due process ): a hearing conducted by a State Department of education hearing officer to resolve a dispute between parents and a school district regarding special education . Adult student: a child with a disability who is 18 years of age or older but less than 21 years of age and not adjudicated incompetent; or an emancipated minor pursuant to state law. ADR: see Alternative Dispute Resolution Advocate ( special education advocate): an individual who may not be an attorney, who assists parents and children to work in collaboration with their school district, regarding their children s special education programs AE: Age Equivalent The average age of students who earned the same number of raw score points on a test as did the student being tested.

7 Affect or Affective: a term, which refers to emotions and attitudes AIDS: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Alignment: is the process of making contents standards, performance standards, assessment and instruction consistent so they are most effective n helping students reach state standards. Alternate achievement standards: standards (or expectations) that differ from those that are set for other students of the same age or grade. Alternative Assessments: ways other than standardized tests, to get information about what students know and where they may need help For example, oral reports, projects, portfolios or collections of works, demonstrations, performances, and experiments.

8 Also refers to the different type of testing that is done when the abilities of a student with a disability prevent him or her from taking part in the regular statewide or districtwide testing that is required by the No Child Left Behind law Alternative Dispute Resolution: the following processes that may be used to resolve an issue or issues in dispute: (a) A facilitated IEP meeting [in NH]; (b) LEA mediation; (c) State mediation; and (d) A neutral conference [in NH]. Annual Goals: a required component of an IEP. Measurable annual goals are goals that are written for an individual student, to identify what the IEP team has determined the student can reasonably be expected to accomplish within a one year period of time.

9 APE: Adaptive Physical education physical education that has been adapted or modified to address the individualized needs of children with disabilities, by adapting the curriculum, task, equipment, and/or environment to enable all students to participate in, and benefit from, physical education . Appeal: procedure in which a party seeks to reverse or modify a judgment or final order of a lower court or administrative agency, usually on the grounds that the lower court misinterpreted or misapplied the law, rather than on the grounds that it made an incorrect finding of fact.

10 Approved program: a program of special education that has been approved by the state board of education and that is maintained by a local school district, collaborative program, private provider of special education , public academy, or state institution for the benefit of children with disabilities and includes home instruction. APTD: Aid to the Permanently and Totally Disabled Aptitude Test: test to measure individual s ability (native or acquired) to learn in some particular areas such as music or mechanics. 3 articulation : Speaking; most often referring to the clarity or understandability of a student s speech.


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