DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICY

1 PART IVDIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICY36. In this Part, unless the context otherwise requires, the STATE has the same meaning as in Part The provisions contained in this Part shall not beenforceable by any court, but the PRINCIPLES therein laiddown are nevertheless fundamental in the governance ofthe country and it shall be the duty of the STATE to applythese PRINCIPLES in making 1[(1)] The STATE shall strive to promote the welfareof the people by securing and protecting as effectively asit may a social order in which justice, social, economicand political, shall inform all the institutions of thenational [(2) The STATE shall, in particular, strive to minimisethe inequalities in income, and endeavour to eliminateinequalities in status, facilities and opportunities, notonly amongst individuals but also amongst groups ofpeople residing in different areas or engaged in differentvocations.]

2 ]39. The STATE shall, in particular, direct its policytowards securing (a) that the citizens, men and women equally, havethe right to an adequate means of livelihood;(b) that the ownership and control of the materialresources of the community are so distributed as bestto subserve the common good;(c) that the operation of the economic system doesnot result in the concentration of wealth and meansof production to the common detriment;(d) that there is equal pay for equal work for bothmen and women; of theprinciplescontained in to secure asocial order forthe promotion ofwelfare of principlesof POLICY to befollowed by 38 renumbered as cl. (1) thereof by the constitution (Forty-fourth Amendment)Act, 1978, s. 9 ( 20-6-1979).

3 2 Ins. by s. 9, ibid. ( 20-6-1979).21(e) that the health and strength of workers, menand women, and the tender age of children are notabused and that citizens are not forced by economicnecessity to enter avocations unsuited to their age orstrength;1[(f) that children are given opportunities andfacilities to develop in a healthy manner and inconditions of freedom and dignity and that childhoodand youth are protected against exploitation andagainst moral and material abandonment.]2[39A. The STATE shall secure that the operation of thelegal system promotes justice, on a basis of equalopportunity, and shall, in particular, provide free legalaid, by suitable legislation or schemes or in any otherway, to ensure that opportunities for securing justice arenot denied to any citizen by reason of economic or otherdisabilities.]

4 ]40. The STATE shall take steps to organise villagepanchayats and endow them with such powers andauthority as may be necessary to enable them to functionas units of The STATE shall, within the limits of its economiccapacity and development, make effective provision forsecuring the right to work, to education and to publicassistance in cases of unemployment, old age, sicknessand disablement, and in other cases of undeserved The STATE shall make provision for securing justand humane conditions of work and for maternity The STATE shall endeavour to secure, by suitablelegislation or economic organisation or in any other way,to all workers, agricultural, industrial or otherwise, work,a living wage, conditions of work ensuring a decent1 Subs.

5 By the constitution (Forty-second Amendment) Act, 1976, s. 7, for cl. (f) ( ).2 Ins. by s. 8, ibid. ( 3-1-1977).Equal justice andfree legal ofvillage to work, toeducation and topublic assistancein certain for justand humaneconditions of workand wage, etc.,for constitution OF india (Part IV. DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES of STATE POLICY . Arts. 39 43.)22standard of life and full enjoyment of leisure and socialand cultural opportunities and, in particular, the Stateshall endeavour to promote cottage industries on anindividual or co-operative basis in rural [43A. The STATE shall take steps, by suitable legislationor in any other way, to secure the participation of workersin the management of undertakings, establishments orother organisations engaged in any industry.]

6 ]44. The STATE shall endeavour to secure for the citizensa uniform civil code throughout the territory of india .*[45. The STATE shall endeavour to provide, within aperiod of ten years from the commencement of thisConstitution, for free and compulsory education for allchildren until they complete the age of fourteen years.]46. The STATE shall promote with special care theeducational and economic interests of the weaker sectionsof the people, and, in particular, of the Scheduled Castesand the Scheduled Tribes, and shall protect them fromsocial injustice and all forms of The STATE shall regard the raising of the level ofnutrition and the standard of living of its people and theimprovement of public health as among its primaryduties and, in particular, the STATE shall endeavour tobring about prohibition of the consumption except formedicinal purposes of intoxicating drinks and of drugswhich are injurious to The STATE shall endeavour to organise agricultureand animal husbandry on modern and scientific linesand shall.

7 In particular, take steps for preserving andimproving the breeds, and prohibiting the slaughter, ofcows and calves and other milch and draught ofworkers inmanagement civil codefor the for freeand compulsoryeducation by the constitution (Forty-second Amendment) Act, 1976, s. 9 ( 3-1-1977).*Art. 45 shall stand substituted by the constitution (Eighty-sixth Amendment) Act,2002, s. 3 (which is yet not in force, date to be notified later on) as 45. Provision for early childhood care and education to children below theage of six years. The STATE shall endeavour to provide early childhood care and educationfor all children until they complete the age of six years..Promotion ofeducational andeconomic interestsof ScheduledCastes, ScheduledTribes and otherweaker of the Stateto raise the levelof nutrition andthe standard ofliving and toimprove ofagriculture andanimal constitution OF india (Part IV.)

8 DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES of STATE POLICY . Arts. 43 48A.)23 Protection andimprovement ofenvironment andsafeguarding offorests and [48A. The STATE shall endeavour to protect andimprove the environment and to safeguard the forestsand wild life of the country.]49. It shall be the obligation of the STATE to protectevery monument or place or object of artistic or historicinterest, 2[declared by or under law made by Parliament]to be of national importance, from spoliation,disfigurement, destruction, removal, disposal or export,as the case may The STATE shall take steps to separate the judiciaryfrom the executive in the public services of the The STATE shall endeavour to (a) promote international peace and security;(b) maintain just and honourable relations betweennations;(c) foster respect for international law and treatyobligations in the dealings of organized peoples withone another.

9 And(d) encourage settlement of international disputesby by the constitution (Forty-second Amendment) Act, 1976, s. 10 ( ).2 Subs. by the constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956, s. 27, for declared byParliament by law .Protection ofmonuments andplaces and objectsof ofjudiciary constitution OF india (Part IV. DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES of STATE POLICY . Arts. 48A 51.)24 Promotion ofinternational peaceand [PART IVAFUNDAMENTAL DUTIES51A. It shall be the duty of every citizen of india (a) to abide by the constitution and respect itsideals and institutions, the National Flag and theNational Anthem;(b) to cherish and follow the noble ideals whichinspired our national struggle for freedom;(c) to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unityand integrity of india ;(d) to defend the country and render nationalservice when called upon to do so;(e) to promote harmony and the spirit of commonbrotherhood amongst all the people of Indiatranscending religious, linguistic and regional orsectional diversities; to renounce practices derogatoryto the dignity of women;(f) to value and preserve the rich heritage of ourcomposite culture.]

10 (g) to protect and improve the natural environmentincluding forests, lakes, rivers and wild life, and tohave compassion for living creatures;(h) to develop the scientific temper, humanism andthe spirit of inquiry and reform;(i) to safeguard public property and to abjureviolence;(j) to strive towards excellence in all spheres ofindividual and collective activity so that the nationconstantly rises to higher levels of endeavour andachievement;*[(k) who is a parent or guardian to provideopportunities for education to his child or, as thecase may be, ward between the age of six andfourteen years.] by the constitution (Forty-second Amendment) Act, 1976, s. 11 ( 3-1-1977).*Ins. by the constitution (Eighty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2002, s.