disast&emerg trng pckge main - World Health Organization

1 DISASTERS. &. EMERGENCIES. DEFINITIONS. Training Package WHO/EHA. Panafrican Emergency Training Centre, Addis Ababa Updated March 2002 by EHA. 1. WORLDWIDE. Number of People Affected by Disasters M illio n 400. 350. 300. 250. 200. 150. 100. 50. 0. 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999. Y ear 2000 IFRC World disaster Report 2. Definition : disaster : A disaster is an occurrence disrupting the normal conditions of existence and causing a level of suffering that exceeds the capacity of adjustment of the affected community. 3. It is the people who matter most, and without the people we have no disaster . 4. THE disaster -DEVELOPMENT. CONTINUUM. disaster . Response Preparedness Rehabilitation Prevention Reconstruction 5. RELIEF-DEVELOPMENT. CONTINUUM. disaster prevention, mitigation &.

2 Preparedness safeguard development. Good response facilitates recovery and development. Africa's hazards and vulnerabilities have been the targets of 30 years of development: their persistence testifies to as many failures. Today, ever-increasing resources are spent for disaster relief, at the expense of development. But only development can reduce vulnerabilities, and the hazards arising from the socio-economic structure. 6. THE disaster -DEVELOPMENT. CONTINUUM. Disasters and crisis ( emergencies ). are not aberrant phenomena. They are reflections of the ways societies structure themselves and allocate their resources. (R. Kent, 1997). 7. disaster MORTALITY IN RELATION. TO DEVELOPMENT STATUS. deaths/1,000 population 80. 70. 60. 50. 40. 30. 20. 10. 0. low income middle income high income Gross Domestic Product per capita Source: Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters, Belgium 8.

3 Every year Western Governments spend USD 100 billion subsidizing power stations ( Global Warming). USD 300 billion subsidizing agriculture ( Deforestation and Overgrazing). USD 50 billion subsidizing fisheries ( Overfishing). (Worldwatch Institute, 1996). 9. EMERGENCY. a state in which normal procedures are suspended and extra-ordinary measures are taken in order to avert a disaster 10. Definition: HAZARD. A natural or human-made event that threatens to adversely affects human life, property or activity to the extent of causing a disaster . 11. HAZARDS AND DISASTERS: CLASSIFICATION. STORM. HEAT WAVE. SUDDEN. OCCURRENCE. FREEZE. MONOCAUSAL. EARTHQUAKE. BY NATURAL. CAUSES VOLCANIC ERUPTION. INSUFFICIENT. CAPACITY OF. RESPONSE. LANDSLIDE. DROUGHT. PROGRESSIVE. OCCURRENCE FLOOD. MULTICAUSAL. EPIDEMIC.

4 PEST. disaster . FIRE. EXPLOSION. SUDDEN. OCCURRENCE COLLISION. MONOCAUSAL. SHIPWRECK. BY HUMAN STRUCTURAL COLLAPSE. CAUSES. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION. PROGRESSIVE. OCCURRENCE WAR. MULTICAUSAL. ECONOMIC CRISIS. 12. A disaster occurs when hazards and vulnerability meet VULNERABILITY disaster HAZARD. Underlying causes Dynamic pressures Unsafe conditions Trigger event Poverty Lack of Fragile physical Limited access to - local institutions environment - power structures - education - dangerous locations Earthquake - resources - training - dangerous buildings, High winds, storm Ideologies - appropriate skills etc. Floods Economic systems - local investments Vulnerability Landslide Age - local markets Fragile local economy Volcanic eruption Sex - services - low levels of income + Hazard Drought Illness and disabilities - press freedom - livelihoods at risk War, civil strife = disaster Economic crisis Macro-forces Public actions Technological accident - population expansion - urbanization - environment degradation 13.

5 VULNERABILITY. the predisposition to suffer damage due to external events 14. SUSCEPTIBILITY. exposure to danger RESILIENCE. adaptability, capacity to recover 15. Poverty, population growth and urbanization force living in unsafe areas Site Site after pressures from population growth and urbanization 16. disaster Management and Emergency Management EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT. Preparedness Response/Relief Rehabilitation Mitigation/. Prevention Reconstruction Pre- disaster : risk reduction Post- disaster : recovery disaster MANAGEMENT. DEVELOPMENT RELIEF. 17. AIMS OF disaster . MANAGEMENT. reduce (avoid, if possible) the potential losses from hazards assure prompt and appropriate assistance to victims when necessary achieve rapid and durable recovery 18. CAPACITY. ability, ableness to do Capacity for emergency management is made of: INFORMATION.

6 AUTHORITY. INSTITUTIONS. PARTNERSHIPS. PLANS, RESOURCES. AND PROCEDURES. TO ACTIVATE THEM. 19. MITIGATION: permanent reduction of the risk of disaster Primary Mitigation . reducing the PRESENCE of the Hazard reducing VULNERABILITY. Secondary Mitigation: reducing the EFFECTS of the Hazard (Preparedness). 20. PREPAREDNESS. the measures that ensure the organized mobilization of personnel, funds, equipment and supplies within a safe environment for effective relief 21. RESPONSE. the set of activities implemented after the impact of a disaster in order to assess the needs reduce the suffering limit the spread and the consequences of the disaster open the way to rehabilitation 22. REHABILITATION: The restoration of basic social functions. RECONSTRUCTION: The full resumption of socio-economic activities plus preventive measures.

7 23. ELEMENTS OF disaster . MANAGEMENT. disaster preparedness planning * vulnerability and risk assessment disaster response * disaster assessment rehabilitation &. reconstruction disaster mitigation 24. disaster management: leading activities and related terms disaster Management disaster Mitigation disaster Response Risk Assessment Prevention Preparedness Relief Rehabilitation Reconstruction disaster occurrence Hazard Vulnera- Structural Non- Contin- Warning Search assessment bility measures struct. gency and & rescue assessment measures planning evacuation Security Food Water Shelter &. sanitation Clothes &. blankets Pre- disaster Health care Post- disaster Hazard assessment: Structural measures: Contingency planning: Reconstruction. Immediate Rehabilitation. mapping, monitoring special building codes, plan of action in case Full resumption of intervention.

8 Restoration of dams, floodwalls, etc. of disaster , training socio-economic Duration: basic Vulnerability assessment: of teams functions, plus by definition, social functions. assessment of vulnerability Non-structural preventive short-term Duration: weeks for all elements exposed measures: Warning and Evacuation: measures. to months to the hazard land use planning, laws, development of Duration: months insurance, public indicators to years Risk assessment: education, etc. & early warning systems, calculation of expected simulation exercises losses 25. Comparing the natural history of disaster with the disaster - development continuum PRE-PATHOGENIC PERIOD PATHOGENIC PERIOD. PRE- disaster disaster POST- disaster . DISTANT IMMEDIATE LATECY EMERGENCY IMMEDIATE DISTANT. deaths Population extintion disintegration disappearance of the community Level of suffering Hazards Political awareness the length of Environment the latency will be a function recovery and IMPACT of resumption Preparedness and Readiness of development VULNERABILITY ALERT READINESS RELIEF REHABILITATION RECONSTRUCTION.

9 PREVENTION PREPAREDNESS RESPONSE RECOVERY. EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT. PREVENTION& MITIGATION RESPONSE & RECOVERY. disaster MANAGEMENT. ( Health promotion and) SECONDARY TERTIARY. PRIMARY PREVENTION PREVENTION PREVENTION. Health CARE. 26.