DISCOVER ANCIENT CHINA - 6th Grade Social Studies

1 DISCOVER . ANCIENT . CHINA . ANCIENT CHINA 18th Century 5th Century Gobi Desert C H I N A. = Shang Dynasty c. 1523 1027 = Qin Dynasty 221 207 = Han Dynasty 206 220. Current borders of CHINA Beijing Sea of Yellow River Japan Yellow Sea Yangzi River Shanghai East CHINA Sea Pacific Ocean South CHINA Sea Copyright 2014 by Enslow Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced by any means without the written permission of the publisher. This book originally published as ANCIENT CHINA in 2004.

2 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Bramwell, Neil D., 1932- DISCOVER ANCIENT CHINA / Neil D. Bramwell. p. cm. ( DISCOVER ANCIENT civilizations). Includes bibliographical references and index. Summary: Learn about the art and cultural contributions, family life, religions and people of ANCIENT CHINA Provided by publisher. ISBN 978-0-7660-4194-3. 1. CHINA civilization To 221 Juvenile literature. 2. CHINA civilization 221 960 Juvenile literature. I. Title. 2012. 931 dc23. 2012011570. Future editions: Proudly sourced and uploaded by [StormRG].

3 Paperback ISBN: 978-1-4644-0331-6. EPUB ISBN: 978-1-4645-1185-1 Kickass Torrents | TPB | ExtraTorrent | h33t Single-User PDF ISBN: 978-1-4646-1185-8. Multi-User PDF ISBN: 978-0-7660-5814-9. This is the PDF version To Our Readers: We have done our best to make sure all Internet Addresses in this book were active and appropriate when we went to press. However, the author and the publisher have no control over and assume no liability for the material available on those Internet sites or on other Web sites they may link to.

4 Any comments or suggestions can be sent by e-mail to or to the address on the back cover Photo Credits: 2012 , a division of Getty Images. All rights reserved., pp. 26-27, 54, 61, 63; 1998-2004, , pp. 22, 24; AP Photos/Anat Givon, p. 77; AP Photos/. Huang jundong sx Imaginechina, p. 74; AP Photos/Xia yu gz Imaginechina, p. 73; Clipart. com/ 2012 , a division of Getty Images. All rights reserved., p. 32(bottom), 50, 76, 83;. Corel Corporation, pp. 32(top), 42-43, 66-67; Enslow Publishers, Inc, p. 20; CHINA National Tourism Administration, p.

5 90; Courtesy of Government Printing Office, Republic of CHINA , p. 78;. hanhanpeggy/ 2012 , a division of Getty Images., pp. 86-87; Hemera Photo Objects, p. 79; Holger Mette / 2012 , a division of Getty Images. All rights reserved., pp. 12-13, HU-JUN/ 2012 , a division of Getty Images. All rights reserved., pp. 34-35; Inna Felker / 2012 , a division of Getty Images. All rights reserved., p. 18; Kristin McCarthy/. Enslow Publishers, Inc, pp. 4-5; Shutterstock, pp. 75, 88, 92. Cover Photo Credits: Great Wall: 2012 , a division of Getty Images.

6 All rights reserved.;Terra-cotta warrior: Shutterstock Table of CONTENTS. Chapter 1. An Army Protects the First Emperor .. 9. Chapter 2. History .. 15. Chapter 3. Land, People, and Religion .. 29. Chapter 4 Family Life: Education, Food, Clothing, Shelter .. 56. Chapter 5. Arts and Cultural Contributions .. 70. Chapter 6. 81. 95. Glossary .. 96. Chapter Notes .. 98. Further Reading .. 101. Internet Addresses .. 102. Index .. 103. Chapter 1. An ARMY. PROTECTS. the FIRST. EMPEROR. DISCOVER ANCIENT CHINA I n Xi'an, a city in the Shaanxi province of northwestern CHINA , thousands of soldiers, perhaps more than seven thousand, stand in formation in three underground pits.

7 They are ready to defend their emperor, whose body lies entombed nearby, from any enemy. They have remained in formation, ready for battle, for over two thousand years. The soldiers are 8 inches to 6 feet inches tall, and are made of terra-cotta, a form of baked clay. Each soldier's features are unique to him. Their weapons, longbows, spears, battle-axes, and halberds, which combine a spear and a battle-ax, are stored nearby. These soldiers are known as the terra-cotta warriors, and the 14,000-square-foot museum where they reside is one of CHINA 's most-visited cultural sites.

8 The soldiers are arrayed in formations according to their function in battle, ready to ward off attackers from any direction. Some soldiers are in kneeling positions while others 10 . An Army Protects the First Emperor are standing. There are also seventy-four full-size chariots, drawn by four horses each, in which other soldiers or officers ride. There are, as well, nearly six hundred life-size Mongolian ponies. Each soldier wears a uniform whose color corresponds to his rank. The colors are purple, blue, green, yellow, red, and orange.

9 The uniforms range from heavy knee-length tunics and cloth leg wrappings to armor made from hundreds of pieces of iron shaped like fish The emperor's tomb that these soldiers have been guarding for over two thousand years took over thirty years to build and is located west of the burial chambers of the army. The tomb itself has not yet been excavated, but according to legend, it is supposed to be a replica of his empire, with rivers of quicksilver (mercury) and many marvels, including death traps for any tomb 11.

10 The terra-cotta warriors who have been guarding the tomb of Emperor Shi Huangdi were discovered in 1974 by Chinese farmers who were drilling a well. 12 . 13 . DISCOVER ANCIENT CHINA Shi Huangdi (Qin Shi Huang), the emperor who had this army buried to protect himself for all time, founded the first empire of CHINA in 221 His con- quests united the many states that had fought each other for years in CHINA . He called himself August Sovereign, the name that all emperors of CHINA used afterward. He was the founder of the Qin dynasty.