DISTANCE LEARNING AND TEACHING EFFECTIVENESS : THE …

1 DISTANCE LEARNING AND TEACHING EFFECTIVENESS : THE IMPACT OF THE DISTANCE LEARNING SCHEME OF THE NATIONAL TEACHERS INSTITUTE (NTI) IN NIGERIA Project Mentor: Professor K. A. Adegoke, DISTANCE LEARNING Institute, University of Lagos, Nigeria Annual ERNWACA Fees paid CV Submitted Researchers Family Name and First Name Institution Status E-mail Sex Age Country Yes No Yes No 1 Etuk, Grace Koko University of Uyo Associate Professor F 60 Nigeria Yes Yes 2 Akpanumoh, Uduak Dan University of Uyo Ph. D. Applicant M 47 Nigeria Yes Yes 3 Etudor, Eno E.

2 University of Uyo Lecturer F 35 Nigeria Yes Yes 4 Ngerebara, Ataisi University of Uyo Ph. D. Student F 44 Nigeria Yes Yes Country: Nigeria Research financed by Education Research Network for West and Central Africa (ERNWACA) With project support from UEMOA regional Centre of Excellence and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands ROCARE / ERNWACA Tel: (223) 221 16 12, Fax: (223) 221 21 15 BP E 1854, Bamako, MALI B nin Burkina Faso Cameroun C te d Ivoire Gambia Ghana Guin e Mali Mauritanie Nigeria Niger S n gal Sierra Leone Togo ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We wish to acknowledge the Regional Management of the Educational Research Network for West and Central Africa (ERNWACA)

3 , the UEMOA Regional Centre of Excellence and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands for their financial and other supports, for beneficiaries of their small grant for research, which we are one. Our special thanks also go to the national co-ordination officials of ERNWACA, Nigeria, Prof. K. A. Adegoke (chairman) and Dr. D. Olukoya (secretary), who have relentlessly sensitized and mentored this research work. We wish also to say thank you to the Vice-Chancellor of the University of Uyo, Prof.

4 Akaneren Essien, the Registrar, Mr. J. E. Udo, the Dean of the Faculty of Education, Prof. E. Udo, the Head of Department of Curriculum Studies and Educational Management, Dr. B. E. Udoukpong, for their support of our research efforts. We cannot fail to bring to record the unalloyed support of the Proprietor of Ritman College, Senator and Mrs. E. Ibokessien, who right from the inception of this work enlisted their interest and accepted to utilize the result of our research work. Worthy of mention are the officials of the National Teachers Institute (NTI), Kaduna, the Akwa Ibom State Coordinator of the NTIDLS, the education officer, the course tutors and the NTIDL-students in Akwa Ibom State, who cooperated with us in a wonderful way to bring this research work to completion.

5 It would be grossly lopsided if we failed to appreciate the outstanding cooperation of Heads of Schools, the parents and teachers of the primary schools in Akwa Ibom State, who responded to our clarion call for iii help. Permit us to give our kudos to post-graduate and undergraduate students in the Department of Curriculum Studies and Educational Management, University of Uyo, who helped us collect and collate data for the work, particularly Mrs. Eno E. Akpan and Lucy Ituen.

6 We appreciate our children, nephews and nieces for their ICT-skills, which were utilized to our advantage and for standing behind us to see that we succeed, in particular Mr. E. J. Akpan, Miss Glory J. Akpan, Miss and Miss G. J. Akpan. Others are Mr. Idongesit Kendy, Ekomobong Effiong, Mrs. Immaculata E. Akpan, Miss Glory U. Akpanumoh Miss Idongesit Etuk and Honesty, Otobong and Ubong Ituen, her precious friends. We must not forget the services rendered by the Corporate Business Services and the Divine Links Computers who helped in data analysis and computation respectively.

7 We do not forget to mention members of our immediate families who bore with us within the choking period of this study. Above all, to God be the Glory for health wisdom, strength and protection that He endowed on us to carry this work to a successful end. Grace K. Etuk Uduak D. Akpanumoh Eno E. Etudor Ataisi Ngerebara iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Cover Page .. i Acknowledgements .. ii List of Tables .. vi List of Figures .. viii List of Plates .. ix Executive Summary .. x CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION AND STATEMENT OF PURPOSE Background of the Study.

8 1 Statement of the Problem .. 11 Purpose of the Study .. 13 Research Questions .. 14 Research Hypotheses .. 15 Scope of the Study .. 15 Significance of the Study .. 16 Study Assumptions .. 17 Explanation of Terms and Abbreviations .. 18 TWO: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK AND REVIEW OF LITERATURE The Theoretical Bases of DISTANCE LEARNING .. 22 The Theoretical Framework for the Study .. 26 Conceptualization of DISTANCE LEARNING .. 36 DISTANCE LEARNING Development Trends .. 38 Characteristics and Study Strategies of DISTANCE Learners 41 Instructional Concerns and Roles of DISTANCE LEARNING Teachers and Supervisors.

9 44 Comparisons of DISTANCE and Traditional Education: Empirical and Non-Empirical Findings .. 46 Educational Contents and LEARNING Activities of a Curriculum .. 55 Curriculum Evaluation .. 68 Criteria for Teacher EFFECTIVENESS .. 84 Quality Assurance Emphasis and Teacher Education by the NTI .. 97 Quality Assurance in Education through Examinations .. 105 THREE: THE STUDY SITE State Boundaries and Political Divisions .. 114 Educational Institutions .. 115 Physical Features and Occupations.

10 117 People, Language, Culture and Social Conditions .. 120 Map of Nigeria Showing States and State Capitals .. 123 v Map of Akwa Ibom State Showing the 31 Local Government Areas .. 124 FOUR: RESEARCH METHOD Design of the Study .. 125 Research Population .. 125 Sampling Technique and Sample .. 126 Instrumentation .. 129 Validation of the Instruments .. 132 Administration of the Instruments .. 132 Method of Data Analysis .. 134 FIVE: PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF RESULTS Analysis of Research Questions.