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1 ! " # $ " $ ! ! % & ! ' !# ( )! $ % ! $ # * *+, * * - . // , - +* * 0 Published in separate English, Arabic, Chinese, French, Russian and Spanish editions by the INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION 999 Robert-Bourassa Boulevard, Montr al, Quebec, Canada H3C 5H7 For ordering information and for a complete listing of sales agents and booksellers, please go to the ICAO website at Fifteenth edition 2007 Sixteenth edition 2016 Doc 4444, Procedures for Air Navigation Services Air Traffic Management Order Number: 4444 ISBN 978-92-9258-081-0 ICAO 2016 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, without prior permission in writing from the International Civil Aviation Organization. (iii) AMENDMENTS Amendments are announced in the supplements to the Catalogue of ICAO Publications; the Catalogue and its supplements are available on the ICAO website at The space below is provided to keep a record of such amendments.

2 RECORD OF AMENDMENTS AND CORRIGENDA AMENDMENTS CORRIGENDA No. Date applicable Date entered Entered by No. Date of issue Date entered Entered by Amendments 1-7-A incorporated in this edition. PANS-ATM (v) 10/11/16 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page (ix) CHAPTER 1. Definitions .. 1-1 CHAPTER 2. ATS safety management .. 2-1 General .. 2-1 Objectives .. 2-1 ATS safety management activities .. 2-1 Monitoring of safety levels .. 2-2 Safety reviews .. 2-2 Safety 2-4 Safety-enhancing measures .. 2-5 CHAPTER 3.

3 ATS system capacity and air traffic flow management .. 3-1 Capacity management .. 3-1 Air traffic flow management .. 3-3 CHAPTER 4. General provisions for air traffic services .. 4-1 Responsibility for the provision of air traffic control service .. 4-1 Responsibility for the provision of flight information service and alerting 4-1 Division of responsibility for control between air traffic control units .. 4-2 Flight plan .. 4-3 Air traffic control clearances .. 4-5 Horizontal speed control instructions .. 4-8 Vertical speed control instructions .. 4-10 Change from IFR to VFR flight .. 4-11 Wake turbulence categories .. 4-12 Altimeter setting procedures .. 4-12 Position reporting .. 4-14 Reporting of operational and meteorological information.

4 4-18 Presentation and updating of flight plan and control data .. 4-21 Failure or irregularity of systems and equipment .. 4-22 data link communications initiation procedures .. 4-22 CHAPTER 5. Separation methods and minima .. 5-1 Introduction .. 5-1 (vi) Air Traffic Management (PANS-ATM) 10/11/16 Provisions for the separation of controlled traffic .. 5-1 Vertical separation .. 5-2 Horizontal 5-4 Separation of aircraft holding in flight .. 5-39 Minimum separation between departing aircraft .. 5-39 Separation of departing aircraft from arriving aircraft .. 5-40 Time-based wake turbulence longitudinal separation minima .. 5-43 Clearances to fly maintaining own separation while in visual meteorological conditions .. 5-48 Essential traffic information.

5 5-49 Reduction in separation minima .. 5-50 CHAPTER 6. Separation in the vicinity of aerodromes .. 6-1 Reduction in separation minima in the vicinity of aerodromes .. 6-1 Essential local traffic .. 6-1 Procedures for departing aircraft .. 6-1 Information for departing aircraft .. 6-5 Procedures for arriving aircraft .. 6-5 Information for arriving aircraft .. 6-12 Operations on parallel or near-parallel runways .. 6-14 CHAPTER 7. Procedures for aerodrome control service .. 7-1 Functions of aerodrome control towers .. 7-1 Selection of runway-in-use .. 7-2 Initial call to aerodrome control tower .. 7-3 Information to aircraft by aerodrome control towers .. 7-3 Essential information on aerodrome conditions .. 7-7 Control of aerodrome traffic.

6 7-8 Control of traffic in the traffic circuit .. 7-12 Order of priority for arriving and departing aircraft .. 7-13 Control of departing aircraft .. 7-13 Control of arriving aircraft .. 7-15 Reduced runway separation minima between aircraft using the same runway .. 7-16 Procedures for low visibility operations .. 7-18 Suspension of visual flight rules operations .. 7-20 Authorization of special VFR flights .. 7-20 Aeronautical ground lights .. 7-20 Designation of hot spot(s) .. 7-23 CHAPTER 8. ATS surveillance services .. 8-1 ATS surveillance systems 8-1 Situation display .. 8-3 Communications .. 8-3 Provision of ATS surveillance services .. 8-4 Use of SSR transponders and ADS-B transmitters .. 8-4 General procedures.

7 8-8 Use of ATS surveillance systems in the air traffic control service .. 8-15 Emergencies, hazards and equipment failures .. 8-21 Table of Contents (vii) 10/11/16 Use of ATS surveillance systems in the approach control service .. 8-24 Use of ATS surveillance systems in the aerodrome control service .. 8-31 Use of ATS surveillance systems in the flight information service .. 8-32 CHAPTER 9. Flight information service and alerting service .. 9 - 1 Flight information service .. 9-1 Alerting service .. 9-5 CHAPTER 10. Coordination .. 10-1 Coordination in respect of the provision of air traffic control service .. 10-1 Coordination in respect of the provision of flight information service and alerting service .. 10-7 Coordination in respect of the provision of air traffic advisory service.

8 10-7 Coordination between air traffic services units and aeronautical telecommunication stations .. 10-7 CHAPTER 11. Air traffic services messages .. 11-1 Categories of messages .. 11-1 General provisions .. 11-3 Methods of message exchange .. 11-6 Message types and their application .. 11-8 CHAPTER 12. Phraseologies .. 12-1 Communications procedures .. 12-1 General .. 12-1 ATC phraseologies .. 12-2 ATS surveillance service phraseologies .. 12-31 Automatic dependent surveillance contract (ADS-C) phraseologies .. 12-41 Alerting phraseologies .. 12-41 Ground crew/flight crew phraseologies .. 12-41 CHAPTER 13. Automatic dependent surveillance contract (ADS-C) services .. 13-1 General .. 13-1 ADS-C ground system capabilities .. 13-1 ADS-C-related aeronautical information.

9 13-2 Use of ADS-C in the provision of air traffic control service .. 13-3 Use of ADS-C in the application of separation minima .. 13-10 CHAPTER 14. controller -pilot data link communications ( cpdlc ) .. 14-1 General .. 14-1 Establishment of cpdlc .. 14-1 Exchange of operational cpdlc messages .. 14-2 (viii) Air Traffic Management (PANS-ATM) 10/11/16 CHAPTER 15. Procedures related to emergencies, communication failure and contingencies .. 15-1 Emergency procedures .. 15-1 Special procedures for in-flight contingencies in oceanic airspace .. 15-5 Air-ground communications failure .. 15-8 Assistance to VFR flights .. 15-11 Other in-flight contingencies .. 15-12 ATC contingencies .. 15-16 Other ATC contingency procedures .. 15-18 Procedures for ATS units when a volcanic ash cloud is reported or forecast.

10 15-21 CHAPTER 16. Miscellaneous procedures .. 16-1 Responsibility in regard to military traffic .. 16-1 Responsibility in regard to unmanned free balloons .. 16-1 Air traffic incident report .. 16-2 Use of repetitive flight plans (RPLs) .. 16-2 Strategic lateral offset procedures (SLOP) .. 16-6 Notification of suspected communicable diseases, or other public health risk, on board an aircraft .. 16-7 APPENDICES APPENDIX 1. Instructions for air-reporting by voice A1-1 APPENDIX 2. Flight plan .. A2-1 APPENDIX 3. Air traffic services messages .. A3-1 APPENDIX 4. Air traffic incident report .. A4-1 APPENDIX 5. controller -pilot data link communications ( cpdlc ) message set .. A5-1 APPENDIX 6. ATS interfacility data communications (AIDC) messages .. A6-1 _____ PANS-ATM (ix) 10/11/16 FOREWORD 1.