DRILLING MANUAL - geoscience.nt.gov.au

1 Record 2004-007 DRILLING MANUALJN DUNSTERNORTHERN TERRITORY GEOLOGICAL SURVEYN orthern Territory GovernmentDepartment of Business, Industry & Resource DevelopmentiNORTHERN TERRITORY DEPARTMENT OF BUSINESS,INDUSTRY AND RESOURCE DEVELOPMENTG eological Survey Record2004-007 DRILLING manualJN DunsterNorthern Territory GovernmentDepartment of Business, Industry & Resource DevelopmentNorthern Territory Geological SurveyDarwin, 2004iiDEPARTMENT OF BUSINESS, INDUSTRY AND RESOURCE DEVELOPMENTMINISTER: Hon Kon Vatskalis, MLACHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER: Mike BurgessNORTHERN TERRITORY GEOLOGICAL SURVEYDIRECTOR: Richard BrescianiniBIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCE: Dunster JN, 2004. DRILLING MANUAL . Northern Territory Geological Survey, Record 2004-007.(Record / Northern Territory Geological Survey ISSN 1443-1149)BibliographyISBN 0 7245 7085 3 Keywords: DRILLING , core DRILLING , diamond DRILLING , DRILLING problems, RC DRILLING , slim hole DRILLING , stratigraphic DRILLING ,wire line DRILLING , DRILLING equipment, DRILLING fluidsEDITORS: PD Kruse and TJ MunsonFor further information contact:Geoscience InformationNorthern Territory Geological SurveyGPO Box 3000 Darwin NT 0801 Phone: +61 8 8999 6443 Website: Northern Territory Government 2004 DisclaimerWhile all care has been taken to ensure that information contained in Northern Territory Geological Survey, Record 2004-007is true and correct at the time of publication, changes in circumstances after the time of publication may impact on the accuracyof its information.

2 The Northern Territory of Australia gives no warranty or assurance, and makes no representation as to theaccuracy of any information or advice contained in Northern Territory Geological Survey, Record 2004-007, or that it issuitable for your intended use. You should not rely upon information in this publication for the purpose of making any seriousbusiness or investment decisions without obtaining independent and/or professional advice in relation to your particular Northern Territory of Australia disclaims any liability or responsibility or duty of care towards any person for loss ordamage caused by any use of, or reliance on the information contained in this .. 1 Objective and content of this document ..1 History of NTGS DRILLING ..1 Types of DRILLING ..1 Types of drill rigs ..2 Administration.

3 4 Planning and managing the program ..4 Stage 1 Planning ..4 Stage 2 Contracts management ..4 Stage 3 Site supervision ..4 Stage 4 Closeout ..4 Authorisation for expenditure ..4 Risk analysis ..5 Planning and access problems ..5 Technical problems while DRILLING ..5 Incorrect stratigraphic duties ..5 Terminating the hole ..6 Data handling and report writing ..6 NTGS drillhole naming convention ..6 NTGS Technical Note, Drillhole Completion Report and data and emergency procedures ..6 Site access by trained personnel hours ..6 Site layout and housekeeping ..6 Fire safety ..7 Fuel safety ..7 Hazardous audit and safety meetings ..7 Personal protective equipment (PPE) ..7 Personal health and hygiene ..7 Use of radioactive sources ..8 Pressure vessels and associated on rig ..8 Gas of care.

4 9 Reporting systems ..9 Hazard Report ..9 Incident Report ..9 Statutory accident reporting ..9 Vehicle accidents ..10 Qualified first aiders ..10 First Aid Kit - Contents List and first aid reporting ..10 Casualty evacuation and general rig evacuation ..10 Safety induction ..10 Emergency DRILLING ..10 Introduction ..10 Ordering core trays ..14 DRILLING problems while coring ..14 Dropped core ..14 Wedging off in the inner tube ..14 Poor quality of core ..14 Core handling procedures ..14 Preparing core core trays ..14 Core catching ..16 Edge matching, washing and core orientation lines ..16 Labelling driller s blocks ..16ivDealing with lost and depth labelling ..17 Core sample depths ..17 Arrow up ..17 Labelling core trays ..17 Determining absolute core orientation and measuring true dip and strike.

5 17 Recording maximum dip in core ..20 Calculating true stratigraphic thickness and Stratigraphic Efficiency ..20 Example 1 ..20 Example 2 ..20 Photographing core ..20 Describing core ..21 Packing and palletising core trays and their weight ..21 Slabbing core and composite core sampling ..21 Hydrocarbon description ..21 Signs of gas in core ..22 Oil shows in core ..22 Oil oil-soaked core ..23 Fluorescence ..23 Cut and solvent tests ..23 Acid bounce test ..25 Hot water extraction ..25 Standardised oil show hydrocarbon indications ..27 Collection and assay of non-core open hole samples ..28 Sample collection and labelling ..28 Sample contamination ..29 Water samples ..29 Engineering ..29 Engineering information in daily DRILLING reports ..29 Casing ..29 DRILLING fluids ..31 DRILLING fluid parameters.

6 31 DRILLING fluid additives ..32 Engineering design of typical cored stratigraphic drillholes ..32 Hole orientation and deviation ..32 Electronic memory tools ..35 Eastman camera ..35 Mechanical controlled vertical drift indicators ..37 Electric wireline surveys ..37 Plotting azimuth and declination / drift and deviation ..37 Calculating true vertical depth and horizontal displacement ..37 Example 3 ..37 Survey data presentation in NTGS reports ..39 DRILLING Problems ..39 DRILLING problems associated with the formation ..39 Taking a kick and a formation overpressure ..39 Artesian circulation ..40 Differential sticking ..40 Spin in the ..41 DRILLING problems associated with downhole equipment ..41 Key seating ..41 Drillstring washout ..41vRusty drillstring ..42 Bent rods or drillpipe.

7 42 Parted drillstring ..42 Undergauge failure ..43 Wireline ..43 Surface equipment failure ..43 Wireline logging and vertical seismic profiling ..43 Wireline logging .. 43 Preparations ..44 Wiper and sampling the DRILLING fluid prior to wireline datum and ..45 Logging suite ..45 Mechanical caliper ..45 Natural gamma ray ..46 Spontaneous potential (SP) ..46 Resistivity and conductivity ..47 Induced polarisation (IP)..47 Magnetic ..48 Density ..48 Neutron ..49 Dipmeter ..49 Downhole temperature ..49 Velocity survey and vertical seismic profiling ..50 Downhole loss of wireline and plugs for open holes ..50 Surface plugs for collared drillholes including NTGS stratigraphic for uncollared RAB holes ..51 Waterbore and disclaimers .. 51 Bibliography ..52 Appendix 1 Online resources.

8 54 Appendix 2 Glossary of commonly used 3 Daily Operations 4 NTGS DRILLING Log .. 58 Appendix 5 Hydrocarbon Show Log .. 60 Index .. 621 INTRODUCTIONNTGS has an obligation to provide geological information in areas of poor outcrop and inadequate drillhole coverage. Despitethe best geophysical data, this can only be reliably addressed by stratigraphic DRILLING , where such drillholes provide lithologicaland stratigraphic information and allow collection of pristine samples for biostratigraphic, geochemical, geochronological andmineralisation studies. These data can then be used to build regional geological models and encourage exploration companiesinto new areas. Considering the paucity of outcrop and the limited coverage of existing drillholes over much of the NorthernTerritory, there is an ongoing need for the NTGS to undertake DRILLING programs.

9 In addition, DRILLING undertaken by NTGS should be documented in a way that allows explorers to optimise their own DRILLING and content of this documentThis in-house MANUAL is designed to assist NTGS staff in organising stratigraphic DRILLING programs and supervising on site. Itis directed to those with little or no previous experience of DRILLING . It gives in-house guidelines and does not purport toreiterate government policy concerning DRILLING , unless this is explicitly acknowledged. It is not a textbook on DRILLING nor is itintended to be as comprehensive as company manuals. For comparison, the 1996 Santos onshore DRILLING operations MANUAL isover 400 pages in length, including 58 pages of forms. In the present MANUAL , much of the drillers jargon is explained inreferences listed in Appendix 1, and a glossary of common abbreviations provided in Appendix 2.

10 Australian Standards referredto throughout the document are shown in the format AS1234. The symbol % is used to indicate guidelines, procedures andchecks for the NTGS site Representative. The symbol is used to distinguish worked examples of calculations. An indexprovides quick reference to specific is anticipated that this document will be revised regularly, and any corrections or comments should be directed to theauthor or the Editorial of NTGS drillingThe various governments responsible for what is now the Northern Territory have been involved in DRILLING for almost acentury. No specific DRILLING reports were published prior to 1908 when the Territory was administered from South Australia,but summaries were included in earlier annual reports at least as far back as 1905. The first internal review of DRILLING activitiesby the NT government was undertaken in 1912 by HI Jensen, the then Director of Mines.