DRUG TRENDS IN IOWA - Welcome to the Official …

1 drug TRENDS IN iowa PROGRESS, PERIL & PERSEVERANCE Governor s Office of drug Control Policy March 2016 1 Trending in iowa : drug Use at a Glance 2nd lowest rate of illicit drug use & 13th lowest rate of Rx abuse in US. (NSDUH, 2013-2014) Youth substance abuse declined steadily over last decade. (IYS, 2014) Meth labs down ~90% vs. peak of 12 years ago (135 vs. 1,500). (IDPS, 2015) Meth use treatment rate 11th highest in US. (TEDS, 2012) Underage & binge drinking exceed national average. (NSDUH, 2013-2014) OD deaths from Rx drugs (heroin too) near all time highs. Medicine misuse/abuse fastest growing form of substance abuse.

2 (ODCP, 2015) Marijuana concentrates are becoming more prevalent. (IDPS/ODCP, 2015) Synthetic drugs still evolving threat. (ODCP/IPCC 2015) Most Recent Data Available 2 Drugs of Choice: All Iowans Primary Substance of Choice by Iowans in Treatment 0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90% IDPH, 2014 3 50% iowa Youth Substance Abuse 6th, 8th and 11th Grade Users, Last 30-Days 0%5%10%15%20%25%200220052008201020122014 AlcoholTobaccoOther DrugRxOTCMeth3% 23% 12% 14% 9% 10% 6% 4% 3% 4 4% iowa Youth Survey, 2014 1% 1% iowa drug -Related Prison Admissions Primary drug Involved 02004006008001,0001,200827 5 iowa Justice Data Warehouse, 2015 Rx Heroin All Drugs Meth Marijuana Cocaine/Crack Other Alcohol 6 iowa Annual Distilled Spirits Sales Millions of Gallons Sold to Adults 01,000,0002,000,0003,000,0004,000,0005.

3 000,0006,000, m m 7 IABD, 2015 Current Alcohol Use Last 30-Days 0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80% 12+ 12-17 18-25 26+ , 2013/2014 8 Current Binge Drinking Last 30-Days 0%5%10%15%20%25%30%35%40%45%50% 12+ 12-17 18-25 26+ , 2013/2014 9 10 Marijuana Marijuana Laws & Use by Teens by State Medical & Recreational Marijuana Laws (2015 ) Past Month Use by 12-17 Year Olds (2013-2014 NSDUH) 11 Dark Green = Medical marijuana (23 & DC). Light Green = Medical & Recreational marijuana (4). Not Shown: Low THC non-psychoactive CBD oils (16, including iowa , where the Pharmacy Board recommended in 2015 the Legislature consider rescheduling CBD only).

4 Marijuana Alcohol Other Meth Cocaine Opiates/Synthetics iowa Youth Drugs of Choice Primary Substance by Juvenile Clients Entering Treatment IDPH, 2014 12 Marijuana Meth Cocaine Other Opiates IDPH, 2014 iowa s Workplace Positive drug Tests Reported 2002-2011 13 Positive drug tests for marijuana among employees in the general workforce increased in 2014 for the 3rd straight year. Marijuana was detected in of all drug tests, a increase vs. 2013, when a 5% increase was recorded vs. 2012. 2015 Quest Diagnostics 0246810121416 MarijuanaMethRxSyntheticOpiumOtherIowa drug -Related Traffic Fatalities Number Killed in 2014 Who Tested Positive for Illicit Drugs 14 Source: IDOT, 2014 15 Does not include alcohol-related fatalities.

5 Alcohol & poly- drug combinations were detected in some crashes. 050100150200250300350400450500 iowa drug -Impaired Driving 2015 Non-Alcohol Evaluation Findings by drug Recognition Experts 15 IDPS, 2015 429 Source of Marijuana Seized in iowa 2015 iowa State Patrol Significant Highway Interdictions 16 California Colorado 40% Wyoming iowa was the 6th most frequent state destination for Colorado marijuana seized in highway interdictions. 2014 El Paso Intelligence Center iowa Department of Public Safety, 2015 iowa Marijuana ER Visits Cannabis Use as Causal or Contributing Factor 17 02004006008001,0001,2001,4001,6001,80020 06200720082009201020112012201320141,633 455 iowa Department of Public Health, 2014 Marijuana impairs/worsens respiratory systems, heart rate, coordination, judgment, memory, problem-solving & mood.

6 It contributes to auto crashes & can cause severe anxiety & psychosis. Current Youth Marijuana Use Past 30 Days: vs. iowa 0%5%10%15%20%25%30%35%40%45%50% 18 17% 11% 2015 Monitoring the Future Survey & 2014 iowa Youth Survey of all Iowans 12+ & of iowa teens are current marijuana users. 54% of iowa 11th graders say marijuana would be easy or very easy for peers to get in their neighborhood or community. 24% of iowa 11th graders see no risk smoking marijuana once or more a week, about twice as many as 15 years ago. US 12th Graders iowa 11th Graders Youth Marijuana Attitudes Among iowa 11th Graders 0%5%10%15%20%25%30%19 iowa Teens Perceiving No Risk Smoking Marijuana Once or More a Week iowa Youth Survey, 2014 12% 24% Youth Marijuana Attitudes vs.

7 Use Among 12th Graders 0%10%20%30%40%50%60%20 Perceived Risk of Occasional Marijuana Use Past Year Marijuana Use Monitoring the Future Survey, 2014 College students daily marijuana use surpassed cigarette smoking for the 1st time in 2014. Marijuana s Increasing THC Potency Marijuana Seized in 0%2%4%6%8%10%12%14%University of Mississippi Marijuana Project, through 12-22-15 THC levels averaged less than 1% in 1972. 2014 University of Mississippi Marijuana Project 21 Marijuana s Increasing Potency Seizures, Concentration of THC by % of Weight *50+% 0%10%20%30%40%50%60%197519952014*Recent Concentrates Source: NIDA & DEA *Concentrates contain THC levels of 50-90%.

8 (Examples: Hash Oil, Marijuana Wax, Marijuana-Infused Edibles) DEA 22 New Marijuana Examples of High THC Concentrates Found in iowa 23 Meth 24 iowa Meth Labs 02004006008001000120014001600(Gold = One Pot Labs) iowa Meth Labs Down 90% vs. Peak of 10 Years Ago. Source: IDPS, 2015 25 1,500 2 151 iowa Meth Purity Crime Lab Fiscal Year Averages 0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%2008200 920102011201220132014 Source: IDPS, 2014 35% 26 93% iowa Meth Treatment Admissions 010002000300040005000600070008000 Source: IDPH, 2014 7,196 27 4,062 Rate of Meth Treatment % of 12+ Substance Abuse Treatment Admissions Primarily for Meth 0%5%10%15%20%25%30% , 2012 28 *Clients reporting meth as primary, secondary or tertiary drug of choice iowa drug -Related Child Abuse Confirmed/Founded Cases.

9 Illegal Drugs in a Child s Body 020040060080010001200140016001800633 IDHS, 2015 921 1,713 29 (Differential Response initiative began in 2014) Opioid & Rx Abuse 30 Types of Medicines Abused Opioids (*Pain Relievers) OxyContin , Vicodin , Percocet Stimulants Ritalin , Adderall , Sudafed Anti-Anxieties Xanax , Valium Anti-Depressants Prozac , Zoloft Sedatives Rohypnol , Nembutal , Seconal Etc. 31 *Synthetic Opioid Examples: Oxycodone, Morphine, Methadone, Codeine, Fentanyl & Hydrocodone. Hydrocodone combination products became Schedule II Controlled Substances in October 2014. Rx Diversion/Abuse in iowa : Summary iowa s Rx abuse rate is lower than the average (past year nonmedical use of Rx pain relievers = lowest) Opioid abuse is one of the fastest growing forms of substance abuse in the & iowa (OD deaths at or near all time highs) Prescription Monitoring Program (PMP) utilization rates by health care professionals are slowly rising Cases of suspected doctor shopping detected by the PMP may be decreasing 32 33 National Rx Painkiller TRENDS CDC, 2013 Pain Reliever Prescriptions.

10 By State CDC, 2014 34 Controlled Prescription drug Seizures In Dosage Units by iowa Division of Narcotics Enforcement Agents 0500100015002000250030003500200920102011 2012201320142,851 du 35 IDPS, 2015 iowa drug Treatment: Numbers Any Abuse of Non-Heroin Opiates & Synthetics Reported at Admission 05001,0001,5002,0002,5003,00020052006200 7200820092010201120122,506 764 TEDS, 2012 36 Poison Center: Public Help Calls Exposure, ID & Info Calls re: Painkillers Hydrocodone & Oxycodone 01,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,0007,0008,00 0*2,318 1,097 iowa Poison Control Center, 2015 37 #1 Category of Exposure Calls: Pain Medicines (opioid & non-opioid).