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Early Childhood Development - UNICEF

Early Childhood Development : The key to a full and productive life. Early Childhood Development Introduction Early Childhood Development is the key to a full and productive life for a child Early Childhood is the most and rapid period of Development in a human life. and to the progress of a nation. Early Childhood is a critical stage of Development The years from conception through birth to eight years of age are critical to the that forms the foundation for children's future well-being and learning. Research complete and healthy cognitive, emotional and physical growth of children.

Early childhood development is the key to a full and productive life for a child and to the progress of a nation. Early childhood is a critical stage of development

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Transcription of Early Childhood Development - UNICEF

1 Early Childhood Development : The key to a full and productive life. Early Childhood Development Introduction Early Childhood Development is the key to a full and productive life for a child Early Childhood is the most and rapid period of Development in a human life. and to the progress of a nation. Early Childhood is a critical stage of Development The years from conception through birth to eight years of age are critical to the that forms the foundation for children's future well-being and learning. Research complete and healthy cognitive, emotional and physical growth of children.

2 Has shown that half of a person's intelligence potential is developed by age four and that Early Childhood interventions can have a lasting effect on intellectual The rapid Development of children's brains begins in the prenatal stage and capacity, personality, and social behaviour. Integrated programmes that target continues after birth. Although cell formation is virtually complete before birth children in their very Early years are, therefore, critical for their mental and - a newborn baby has about a 100 billion brain cells - brain maturation and psychosocial Development . Failure to invest in ECD can result in Development important neural pathways and connections are progressively developed after birth delay and disability as well as inhibit the optimal Development and performance in Early Childhood .

3 Therefore, Early Childhood is a period in Development where of children throughout their lives. environment actually has an important impact on determining how the brain and central nervous system grows and develops. Environment affects not only the ECD refers to a comprehensive approach to policies and programmes for children number of brain cells and the number of connections among them but also the from birth to eight years of age, their parents and caregivers. Its purpose is to way these connections are "wired." The process of eliminating excess neurons and protect the child 's rights to develop his or her full cognitive, emotional, social synapses from the dense, immature brain, which continues well into adolescence, and physical potential.

4 Community-based services that meet the needs of infants is most dramatic in the Early years of life, and it is guided to a large extent by and young children are vital to ECD, and they should include attention to the child 's sensory experience of the outside world2. Scientific evidence suggests health, nutrition, education and water and environmental sanitation in homes and that if the brain does not receive the appropriate stimulation during this critical communities. The approach promotes and protects the rights of the young child window, it is very difficult for the brain to rewire itself at a later time3.

5 To survival, growth and Development . Experiences from ECD programmes around the world demonstrate the promise for children's well-being and for that of their Inadequate nutrition before birth and in the first years of life can seriously families and communities1. interfere with brain Development and lead to such neurological and behavioral disorders as learning disabilities and mental retardation4. There is considerable evidence showing that infants exposed to good nutrition, and adequate psychosocial stimulation had measurably better brain function at twelve years of age than those raised in a less stimulating environment5.

6 Early stress can affect brain function, learning, and memory adversely and permanently. New research provides a scientific basis for the obvious fact that children who experience extreme stress in their earliest years are at greater risk for developing a variety of cognitive, behavioral, and emotional difficulties later in life. 6. 1. Early Childhood Development Rethinking the Brain Old Thinking New Thinking How the brain develops depends on the genes How the brain develops hinges on a complex that you were born with. interplay between the genes that you are born with and the experiences you have.

7 The experiences that you have before age three Early experiences have a decisive impact on the have a limited impact on later Development . architecture of the brain, and on the nature and extent of adult capacities. A secure relationship with primary caregiver Early interactions don't just create a context, they creates a favorable context for Early Development directly affect the way that the brain is wired'. and learning. Brain Development is linear: the brain's capacity Brain Development is non-linear: there are prime to learn and change grows steadily as an infant times for acquiring different kinds of knowledge progresses towards adulthood.

8 And skills. A toddler's brain is much less active than the brain By the time children reach age three,their brains are of a college student. twice as active as those of adults. Activity levels drop during adolescence. Source: McCain Margaret Norrie & J. Fraser Mustard (1999) Reversing the real brain drain: Early years study. The brain reaches half its mature weight by about six months and 90 percent of its final weight by age This rapid Development is reflected in children's capabilities and what they do. Although every child is unique, it is widely accepted that Development follows a basic pace and pattern of Development in all children.

9 2 3. Early Childhood Development Age What children do at this age: What they need along with appropriate, Age What children do at this age: What they need along with appropriate, sensitive and responsive sensitive and responsive Birth to Begin to smile, track people and objects Protection from physical danger 2 to Enjoy learning new skills In addition to the requirements for healthy 3 months with their eyes Adequate nutrition years Learn language rapidly growth of the previous years, children at Prefer faces and bright colours Adequate health care, such as Gain increased control of hands and fingers this age require the opportunity to.

10 Turn towards sound immunization, oral rehydration therapy Act more independently Make choices Discover feet and hands and hygiene Engage in dramatic play Appropriate language stimulation Have increasingly complex books read Motor and sensory stimulation to them 4 to 6 Smile Protection from physical danger Sing favourite songs months Develop preferences generally to parents Adequate nutrition Solve simple puzzles and older siblings Adequate health care, such as to 5 Develop a longer attention span, In addition to the requirements for healthy Repeat actions with interesting results immunization, oral rehydration therapy years Talk a lot, ask many questions, growth of the previous years, children at Listen intently and hygiene Test physical skills and courage this age require the opportunity to.


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