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Edible Insects - Future prospects for food and feed security

Spine for 208pg on 90g eco paper ISSN 0258-6150. FAO. FORESTRY. 171. 171. PAPER. FAO FORESTRY PAPER. 171. Edible Insects Future prospects for food and feed security Edible Insects Future prospects for food and feed security Edible Insects have always been a part of human diets, but in some societies there remains a degree of disdain Edible Insects : Future prospects for food and feed security and disgust for their consumption. Although the majority of consumed Insects are gathered in forest habitats, mass-rearing systems are being developed in many countries. Insects offer a significant opportunity to merge traditional knowledge and modern science to improve human food security worldwide. This publication describes the contribution of Insects to food security and examines Future prospects for raising Insects at a commercial scale to improve food and feed production, diversify diets, and support livelihoods in both developing and developed countries.

Feb 23, 2013 · conventional production of meat, either for direct human consumption or for indirect use as feedstock. To fully realize this potential, much work needs to be done by a wide range of stakeholders. This publication will boost awareness of the many valuable roles that insects play in sustaining nature and human life, and it will stimulate debate ...

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Transcription of Edible Insects - Future prospects for food and feed security

1 Spine for 208pg on 90g eco paper ISSN 0258-6150. FAO. FORESTRY. 171. 171. PAPER. FAO FORESTRY PAPER. 171. Edible Insects Future prospects for food and feed security Edible Insects Future prospects for food and feed security Edible Insects have always been a part of human diets, but in some societies there remains a degree of disdain Edible Insects : Future prospects for food and feed security and disgust for their consumption. Although the majority of consumed Insects are gathered in forest habitats, mass-rearing systems are being developed in many countries. Insects offer a significant opportunity to merge traditional knowledge and modern science to improve human food security worldwide. This publication describes the contribution of Insects to food security and examines Future prospects for raising Insects at a commercial scale to improve food and feed production, diversify diets, and support livelihoods in both developing and developed countries.

2 It shows the many traditional and potential new uses of Insects for direct human consumption and the opportunities for and constraints to farming them for food and feed. It examines the body of research on issues such as insect nutrition and food safety, the use of Insects as animal feed, and the processing and preservation of Insects and their products. It highlights the need to develop a regulatory framework to govern the use of Insects for food security . And it presents case studies and examples from around the world. Edible Insects are a promising alternative to the conventional production of meat, either for direct human consumption or for indirect use as feedstock. To fully realize this potential, much work needs to be done by a wide range of stakeholders. This publication will boost awareness of the many valuable roles that Insects play in sustaining nature and human life, and it will stimulate debate on the expansion of the use of Insects as food and feed.

3 ISBN 978-92-5-107595-1 ISSN 0258-6150. FAO. 9 7 8 9 2 5 1 0 7 5 9 5 1. I3253E/1 spine for 208pg on 90g eco paper Cover photos, clockwise from top left: Women selling caterpillars in Bangui, Central African Republic (P. Vantomme). Gold-painted crickets on top of Belgian chocolates (P. Vantomme). Black soldier fly in a mass-rearing unit (L. Heaton). Appetizers prepared with Insects (T. Calame). Coleoptera species used as a food colorant (A. Halloran). Palm weevil larvae (O. Ndoye). Edible Insects : FAO. FORESTRY. PAPER. Future prospects for 171. food and feed security by Arnold van Huis Joost Van Itterbeeck Harmke Klunder Esther Mertens Afton Halloran Giulia Muir and Paul Vantomme food and agriculture organization of the united nations Rome, 2013. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

4 The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO. ISBN 978-92-5-107595-1 (print). E-ISBN 978-92-5-107596-8 (PDF). FAO 2013. FAO encourages the use, reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. Except where otherwise indicated, material may be copied, downloaded and printed for private study, research and teaching purposes, or for use in non-commercial products or services, provided that appropriate acknowledgement of FAO as the source and copyright holder is given and that FAO's endorsement of users' views, products or services is not implied in any way. All requests for translation and adaptation rights, and for resale and other commercial use rights should be made via request or addressed to FAO information products are available on the FAO website ( publications) and can be purchased through iii Contents ix x Authors' xi xii Executive xiii 1.

5 1. Why eat Insects ?.. 2. Why FAO?.. 2. 2. The role of 5. Beneficial roles of Insects for nature and 5. Entomophagy around the 9. Examples of important insect species 20. Important insect 29. 3. Culture, religion and the history of 35. Why are Insects not eaten in Western countries?.. 35. Why were Insects never domesticated for food?.. 37. Negative attitudes towards 39. History of 40. 4. Edible Insects as a natural 45. Edible insect 45. Collecting from the wild: potential threats and 45. Conservation and management of Edible insect 48. Semi-cultivation of Edible 51. Pest 55. 5. Environmental opportunities of insect rearing for food and 59. Feed 60. Organic side 60. Greenhouse gas and ammonia 62. Water 64. Life cycle 64. Animal 65. Risk of zoonotic 65. One Health 66. 6. Nutritional value of Insects for human Nutritional 67. Beef versus Insects : an example of the 74. Insects as part of diets .. 76. Sustainable 79. Edible Insects in emergency relief 79.

6 Iv 7. Insects as animal 89. 89. Poultry and fish fed with 90. Key insect species used as feed .. 93. 8. Farming 99. Definitions and concepts .. 99. Insect 99. Insect farming for human 101. Insect farming for 103. Recommendations on insect 103. 9. Processing Edible Insects for food and Different types of consumable 107. Industrial scale 10. Food safety and Preservation and Insect features, food safety and antimicrobial 123. 11. Edible Insects as an engine for improving Insects as a part of the minilivestock 125. Improving local 126. Access, tenure and rights to natural 127. Inclusion of 128. 12. Economics: cash income, enterprise development, markets and Cash Enterprise 133. Developing markets for insect 135. Market 137. 138. 13. Promoting Insects as feed and The disgust Drawing on traditional 147. Role of 149. 14. Regulatory frameworks governing the use of Insects for food Major barriers 154. Legal framework and 156. 15. The way Further reading.

7 187. v Boxes What are Insects ?.. 1. Outbreaks of the brown 5. Common insect products and 6. Examples of cultural 7. Example of national insect diversity: species eaten in the Central African 10. Use of sound in harvesting Maguey 12. Beekeeping around the 13. Ahuahutle, Mexican 15. Wild food consumption by the Popoloca people of Los Reyes Metzontla Puebla, Mexico .. 19. Yansi sayings, Democratic Republic of the 21. Red palm 22. Merging traditional knowledge and new technologies for termite harvesting in Kenya .. 24. Power cuts harm Uganda's Edible grasshopper 28. Controversial use of 30. Using scale Insects to enhance honey 31. Sky prawns and sea 36. Examples from Mali and the United 38. Entomophagy and modern-day 40. Edible Insects through the 41. Lao People's Democratic 46. Wild harvesting in Asia and the Pacific: past, present and 46. Mopane and other African 47. Insects and biodiversity in 50. Effect of fire management and shifting cultivation on caterpillar 53.

8 The case of the cockchafer bug: from agricultural pest to delicacy to conservation 55. Ecodiptera 61. The FAO/INFOODS food composition database for 67. Proteins and amino acids ( food chemistry ).. 68. Fatty 71. Witchetty grub .. 71. Don Bugito: creative and traditional Mexican food cart .. 77. WinFood: alleviating childhood malnutrition by improved use of traditional foods .. 80. International Feed Industry Federation and FAO: looking for new, safe 89. Fish for non-food 90. Which Insects are currently used in animal feed?.. 91. vi Chicken consumption leading to human infection with highly drug-resistant ESBL 91. Increasing the sustainability of freshwater prawn production in 94. Dual production systems (fibre and food): the example of the 99. Biological control and natural 100. Insect proteins in 102. Difficulties in rearing crickets in the 104. Termites: processing techniques in East and West 109. Environmental Application of Edible Insects : Insects as the missing link in designing a circular Processing the mopane caterpillar for human The stink bug Nezara robusta in southern Bogong moths in 122.

9 The allergy hygiene 124. The red palm weevil (Rynchophorous ferrugineus) as an important source of nutrition and livelihood in New 127. Cambodian 128. Edible insect consumption and indigenous 129. Harvesting, processing and trade of mopane 132. Wholesale markets in 133. Feasibility study before starting a street-food 133. The Dutch Insect Farmers 134. FAO Diversification Booklet 18, Selling Street and Snack 136. Ethnic foods through migration: the export of caterpillars from Africa to France and 139. Japanese trade in 139. How can people with an aversion to Insects understand and accept that Insects are palatable?..141. Edible insect 142. Established approaches used in education for sustainable 143. The Food Insects 144. International knowledge-sharing between developing countries on the use of Edible Insects in 148. The Nordic Food 150. Konchu Ryori 153. Barriers to market establishment in the European 155. Codex 156. Definition of novel food by the European 158.

10 Vii Figures Recorded number of Edible insect species, by 9. Number of insect species, by order, consumed 10. Monthly rainfall (top) and monthly occurrence of meals of fish, caterpillars and game in 15 consecutive months in the Lake Tumba region, Democratic Republic of the 16. Temporal availability of Edible Insects , wild plants and subsistence crops for the Popoloca people of Los Reyes Metzontla Puebla, 20. Distribution of Insects , by order, 50. Geographic distribution of Oecophylla 57. Efficiencies of production of conventional meat and 60. Use of Insects in the animal feed 61. Relative GHG contributions along the livestock food 62. Production of GHGs and ammonia per kg of mass gain for three insect species, pigs and beef 63. Greenhouse gas production (global warming potential), energy use and land use due to the production of 1 kg of protein from mealworms, milk, pork, chicken and 64. International wholesale market price for fish oil and fishmeal, CIF 90.