Education and Training in Fraud and Forensic Accounting: A ...

1 The author(s) shown below used Federal funds provided by the Department of Justice and prepared the following final report: Document Title: Education and Training in Fraud and Forensic accounting : A Guide for Educational Institutions, Stakeholder Organizations, Faculty, and Students Author(s): West Virginia University Document No.: 217589 Date Received: March 2007 Award Number: 2001-RC-CX-K003 This report has not been published by the Department of Justice. To provide better customer service, NCJRS has made this Federally-funded grant final report available electronically in addition to traditional paper copies. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the Department of Justice. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs National Institute of Justice NIJ Special Report Education and Training in Fraud and Forensic accounting : A Guide for Educational Institutions, Stakeholder Organizations, Faculty, and Students West Virginia University - Forensic Science Initiative Cooperative Agreement -200 1 -RC-CX-KO03 FY2002 Amount: $613,768 Investigative and Forensic Sciences Division Division Chief: Susan D.

2 Narveson Program Manager: John Paul Jones Forensic Resource Network NOTE: THIS IS AN EXPOSURE DRAFT. THE CONTENTS OF THIS EXPOSURE DRAFT HAVE NOT BEEN SHARED WITH THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF JUSTICE. ALL CONTENT AND OPINIONS PRESENTED IN THIS EXPOSURE DRAFT ARE THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE PRINICIPAL INVESTIGATORS, PLANNING PANEL ANDTECHNICAL WORKING GROUP. Current Draft: February 7,2007 This document is a research report submitted to the Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the Department of and Training in Fraud and Forensic accounting : A Guide for Educational Institutions, Stakeholder Organizations, Faculty, and Students This document was developed and approved by the Technical Working Group for Education in Fraud and Forensic accounting This document is a research report submitted to the Department of Justice.

3 This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the Department of Working Group on Education in Fraud and Forensic accounting Supported and approved by the National Institute of Justice (NIJ), the Technical Working Group on Education in Fraud and Forensic accounting (TWG) is a diverse group of content area experts: professionals working across the broad spectrum of activities that constitute Fraud prevention, deterrence, detection, investigation, and remediation (hereinafter " Fraud ") and Forensic accounting . Members of the TWG represent corporate and industry stakeholders, professional services providers, law enforcement, the legal community, government and regulatory stakeholders, professional organizations, and academics specializing in Fraud and Forensic accounting . These individuals have voluntarily contributed their time, ideas, and insights because of their special interest in developing stronger Fraud and Forensic accounting Education and Training .

4 As a preliminary step to creating the TWG, the cochairs of this activity created a planning panel composed of educators and professionals. The planning panel had two objectives: first define the scope of the project by developing the larger strategies that would steer the efforts of the group and then identify subject matter experts from across the country to serve on it. Planning panel and TWG participants were nominated from the following stakeholder groups: Academicians working in the area of Fraud and Forensic accounting ; public accounting firms, including the "Big 4" firms; the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA); audit committee members; the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF); corporate representatives working in the area of Fraud and Forensic accounting ; the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI); the Institute of Internal Auditors; the Internal Revenue Service (IRS); the legal community; the National White Collar Crime Center; the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (ACFE); the Public Company accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB); the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC); and other professional service providers and stakeholder organizations.

5 During an 18-month period, the 14 members of the planning panel and additional 32 members of the TWG worked together to develop this guide. The following pages list the planning panel and TWG participants; their affiliations; and their titles, backgrounds, or areas of expertise. This document is a research report submitted to the Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the Department of Panel Members CenterICoauthor of COSO Report .. Heriot Prentice .. * Cochairsand principal investigators along with Max M. Houck. This document is a research report submitted to the Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the Department of Technical Working Group Members Senior Faculty Fellow.

6 -. d Rose Lizzadro Professor of Communications School of Professional Studies .. W. Robert Grafton on Practice and Firm Subject Matter .. This document is a research report submitted to the Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the Department of document is a research report submitted to the Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the Department of The National Institute of Justice (NIJ) and West Virginia University (WVU) wish to thank the members of the TWG, especially those serving on the planning panel, for their effort and dedication to the enhancement of Education in Fraud and Forensic accounting .

7 The TWG members are nationally recognized subject matter experts representing corporate and industry stakeholders, professional services providers, law enforcement, the legal community, government and regulatory stakeholders, professional organizations, and academicians who have generously given their time to draft, revise, review, and finalize this document. We are also gratefbl to the representative organizations for their flexibility and support in releasing their subject matter experts to see this project to completion. WVU would like to thank President David Hardesty, Provost Gerald Lang, Vice President for Research John Weete, Director of Forensic Initiatives Max Houck, Deans of the College of Business and Economics Jay Coats and Steven Sears, and Division of Accaunting Directors Ann Pushkin and Tim Pearson for their support, dedication, and commitment to this project. We also would like to recognize the volunteer assistance of WVU students Sarah Blevins, Lynn Flink, and Joseph Hager; the graduate assistance of Jason Thomas and Stephanie Concordora; and especially the assistance of Joanne Taylor, who worked on this project from inception to completion.

8 This document is a research report submitted to the Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the Department of and Training in Fraud and Forensic accounting : A Guide for Educational Institutions. Stakeholder Organizations. Faculty. and Students Contents Page Number Task Statement .. 1 Overview .. 1 Model Curriculum Worlung Definitions ..6 Student Placement as a Model Curriculum Driver ..8 Building Knowledge. Skills. and Abilities in Fraud and Forensic accounting ..10 Overview of the Model Curriculum ..17 Model Curriculum for Criminology. Legal Environment. and Ethics ..19 Model Curriculum for Fraud and Forensic accounting Core Foundation Related to Fraud ..23 Asset Misappropriation. Corruption. and False Representations ..26 Financial Statement Fraud .

9 31 Fraud and Forensic accounting in a Digital Environment ..38 Model Curriculum for Forensic and Litigation Advisory Services ..41 Framework for Curriculum Decision Making ..45 Appendices Appendix A: Resources for Fraud and Forensic accounting ..48 Appendix B: Fraudulent Acts ..51 Appendix C: Taxonomy of Financial Statement Fraud Types ..52 Appendix D: Implementation Guide ..59 Appendix E: Example Implementation ..60 This document is a research report submitted to the Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the Department of and Training in Fraud and Forensic accounting : A Guide for Educational Institutions, Stakeholder Organizations, Faculty, and Students Task Statement As academic institutions contemplate the addition offraud and Forensic accounting into their curricula, there is a need for an in-depth examination of the knowledge, skills and abilities necessary for individuals to function in thesejields.

10 The objective of this project is to develop a model educational curriculum in Fraud and Forensic accounting to aid academic institutions, public and private organizations, practitioners, faculty, and prospective students interested in developingprofessionals with the skills and abilities necessary to excel in these emergingfields. The TWG explicitly recognizes that the long-term success of any academic endeavor is derived from three sources: Research, practice, and Education . Research drives professional innovation. Practitioners implement the products of research (concepts, ideas, theories, and evidence) by applying, testing, and refining theory and research findings in the field. Finally, educators create learning frameworks through which students benefit from the combined efforts of practice and research. While this document contemplates a model curriculum for Education and Training , the TWG encourages continued collaboration by all interested stakeholders as exemplified herein.