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Education in Iraq - reliefweb.int

Education in IraqApril 2010 Net enrolment ratio in primary Education (%)8977878292668550556065707580859095100 199020072015 Net Enrolment Ratio in Primary Education (%)UrbanRuralMaleFe maleBe st Gove rnorateWorst Gove rnorateN ational ValueTarge t (Line ar)Line ar (N ational Value )Enrolment ratio females to males in primary Education (%)9984110799470758085909510010511019902 0072015 Enrolment Ratio Females to Males in Primary Education (%)UrbanRuralBe st Gove rnorateWorst Gove rnorateN ational ValueTarge t (Line ar)Line ar (N ational Value ) Education and Development in iraq Education is a fundamental human right which should be directed to the full devel-opment of the human Under the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the second Millennium Development Goal (MDG) and the second Education for All (EFA) goal, the Government of iraq is com-mitted to ensuring that, by 2015, children everywhere in iraq , all boys and girls alike, are able to complete a full course of primary

Education in Iraq April 2010 ... Iraq Education is a fundamental human right ... everywhere in Iraq, all boys and girls alike,

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Transcription of Education in Iraq - reliefweb.int

1 Education in IraqApril 2010 Net enrolment ratio in primary Education (%)8977878292668550556065707580859095100 199020072015 Net Enrolment Ratio in Primary Education (%)UrbanRuralMaleFe maleBe st Gove rnorateWorst Gove rnorateN ational ValueTarge t (Line ar)Line ar (N ational Value )Enrolment ratio females to males in primary Education (%)9984110799470758085909510010511019902 0072015 Enrolment Ratio Females to Males in Primary Education (%)UrbanRuralBe st Gove rnorateWorst Gove rnorateN ational ValueTarge t (Line ar)Line ar (N ational Value ) Education and Development in iraq Education is a fundamental human right which should be directed to the full devel-opment of the human Under the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the second Millennium Development Goal (MDG) and the second Education for All (EFA)

2 Goal, the Government of iraq is com-mitted to ensuring that, by 2015, children everywhere in iraq , all boys and girls alike, are able to complete a full course of primary In addition, through the other EFA goals and targets under MDG Two, the Government is committed to promoting quality Education and learning as a life-long experience from the pre-primary level through to the end of the secondary level and onwards into continuous adult learning. 1 United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948, Article 26 ( ) 2 UN site for MDG Two: ; EFA Goals: ; UNESCO, Education for All: Global Monitoring Report 2010 Reaching the Marginalized (2010) and the CRC Government of iraq has therefore iden-tified Education as one of its main priorities, reflected by the increase of total govern-ment expenditure allocated for Education from in 2008 to in Education levels will provide a critical contribution to iraq s efforts to meet all eight MDG targets.

3 Improved Education will boost skill levels in the Iraqi labour force and increase economic productivity, con-tributing to the alleviation of poverty under MDG One. A quarter (23%) of the population lives in poverty, spending less than ID77,000 per month (less than US$ per day).4 In particular, improved school enrolment and Education levels among women will assist in fulfilling iraq s commitment to promoting gender equality and empowering women (MDG Three and EFA Goal Five). Increased literacy (EFA Goal Four) and numeracy skills particularly among women will raise awareness and understanding of health and 3 Government of iraq Ministry of Finance/Geopolicity4 World Bank/COSIT/KRSO iraq Household Socio-Economic Survey 2007environmental issues among the popula-tion, instrumental to assist key behaviour change to improve child and maternal mor-tality (MDGs Four and Five) and facilitate in-creased environmental sustainability (MDG Seven).

4 Improved literacy levels will also en-courage use of new technologies, which will contribute to more productive and inclusive partnerships for development (MDG Eight).Overall, Iraqis perceptions of Education have deteriorated during the past few years. In 2004-2005, over 70% of Iraqis had a positive perception of local schools. This dropped considerably to 43% by March 2007, but had risen once again to 63% by February 2009. iraq s progress towards educa-tion goalsFollowing the drop in net primary school enrolment5 rates from 91% in 1990 to 85% in 2007, iraq faces challenges in its efforts to 5 The net primary enrolment ratio is the percentage of children aged between six and 11 years old that are enrolled in primary the 2015 target of 100% net primary enrolment.

5 Equal enrolment rates for girls and boys (MDG Three, EFA Goal Five) have nearly been achieved in urban areas (99% girls-to-boys net primary enrolment ratio), but in rural areas the already-low enrolment rate of 77% drops to 70% among The proportion of children starting 1st grade who eventually continue to 5th grade has risen from 76% to 95% between 1990 and 2006,7 but just 44% of children finish prima-ry Education at the standard age (11 years old).8 The poor state of primary Education leads to a high drop-off in enrolment rates going into intermediate and secondary edu-cation. The net intermediate enrolment ra-tio is 37%, while the ratio at secondary level is even lower at 21%.

6 9 Gender parity (MDG 6 1990 data from the Directorate of Social and Educational St-tistics; 2007 data from World Bank/COSIT/KRSO iraq Household Socio-Economic Survey 20077 1990 data from COSIT, Millennium Development Goal Report 2007; 2006 data from UNICEF/COSIT/KRSO/MoH Multiple Indi-cator Cluster Survey 20068 2006 data for net primary school completion from UNICEF/COSIT/KRSO/MoH Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 20069 World Bank/COSIT/KRSO iraq Household Socio-Economic Survey rate of segment of population aged 15-24 years69% - 71%72% - 77%78% - 83%84% - 87%88% - 94%Best Governorate: AnbarWorst Governorate: MissanData Source: IHSES 2007 Basemap: HIC iraq 2003NB: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United the EFA goals will contribute to meeting iraq s in-ternational obligations under.)

7 Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR,1976) International Covenant on Economic,Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR,1976) International Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD,1970) Convention on the Elimination of Discrimina-tion against Women (CEDAW, 1986) Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC, 1994) Convention concerning the Prohibition and Immediate Action for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor ( Adopted by ILO) Three and EFA Goal Five) will be difficult to achieve in rural areas, where boys outnum-ber girls by around two-to- one at both Given iraq s history of relatively high primary enrolment, the Government of iraq has also committed to increasing net inter-mediate and secondary enrolment among males and females to 100% by in five Iraqis aged over 15 years is illiter-ate.

8 Illiteracy rates among women (28%) are over double those among men (12%).11 Just 1% of those aged over 15 are enrolled in lit-eracy Girls make up just a quarter of participants in accelerated learning class-es aimed at out-of-school children and ado-10 World Bank/COSIT/KRSO iraq Household Socio-Economic Survey 200711 World Bank/COSIT/KRSO iraq Household Socio-Economic Survey 200712 World Bank/COSIT/KRSO iraq Household Socio-Economic Survey iraq will therefore have to exert considerable effort to improve adult literacy by 50% by 2015 (EFA Goal Four). The drop in primary school enrolment also means that iraq will have difficulties in meeting the target of 100% literacy among iraq s youth by 2015 as part of MDG Two.

9 Literacy rates among 15-24 year olds have shown a slight improvement from 79% in 1990 to 84% in 2007, but further progress is still required. The lowest rates are to be found in the northern and southern governorates, and young women aged 15-24 (20% of whom are illiterate) suffer more than their male These issues highlight the need to improve early childhood development and the qual-13 Government of iraq Ministry of Education14 World Bank/COSIT/KRSO iraq Household Socio-Economic Survey 2007ity of Education . Early childhood develop-ment (EFA Goal One) is essential to provid-ing the most basic literacy and numeracy skills for children as they commence their primary school Education .

10 Preschool enrol-ment among 3-5 year olds is just 3%.15 While teachers are universally trained,16 the qual-ity of Education (EFA Goal Six) is hampered by poor learning environments caused by poor quality infrastructure and overcrowd-ing and a curriculum that does not ade-quately prepare youth for the labour market optimize learning and requires moderniza-tion in order optimize factors such as malnutrition, child labour and early marriage also inhibit child and youth Education and development. 15 UNICEF/COSIT/KRSO/MoH Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 200616 UNESCO, Education For All: Mid-Term Review for the Arab States (2008)Chronic malnutrition, which affects one in five Iraqi children below the age of five, is undermining cognitive development, caus-ing irreversible losses in opportunities for In rural areas, 10% of children aged 5-14 work, with little difference be-tween genders, while 5% of boys in cities are employed.


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