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Educational Interventions for Children With Autism: A ...

Research Report No 77 Educational Interventions for Children with autism : A Literature Review of Recent And Current Research Rita Jordan, Glenys Jones, Dinah Murray School of Education, University of Birmingham The views expressed in this report are the authors' and do not necessarily reflect those of the Department for Education and Employment. Crown Copyright 1998. Published with the permission of DfEE on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office. Applications for reproduction should be made in writing to The Crown Copyright Unit, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, St Clements House, 2-16 Colegate, Norwich NR3 1BQ.

9 Daily Life Therapy at the Boston Higashi school 91 9.1 Research on Daily Life Therapy 93 9.2 Research planned or in progress 95 9.3 Evaluation of research on Daily Life Therapy 96

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Transcription of Educational Interventions for Children With Autism: A ...

1 Research Report No 77 Educational Interventions for Children with autism : A Literature Review of Recent And Current Research Rita Jordan, Glenys Jones, Dinah Murray School of Education, University of Birmingham The views expressed in this report are the authors' and do not necessarily reflect those of the Department for Education and Employment. Crown Copyright 1998. Published with the permission of DfEE on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office. Applications for reproduction should be made in writing to The Crown Copyright Unit, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, St Clements House, 2-16 Colegate, Norwich NR3 1BQ.

2 ISBN 0 85522 838 5 September 1998 CONTENTS Page Acknowledgements Glossary Executive summary 1 PART ONE: RESEARCH CONTEXT 1 Introduction 9 Objectives of the review 9 Context of the review 9 Methods used to collect information for the review 11 2 The nature of autistic spectrum disorders 13 Definitions and diagnosis 13 Asperger syndrome 13 Range of labels 14 Personal views of adults with autism 14 Prevalence.

3 Identification and early diagnosis 15 Prognosis in autism 16 3 Educational provision and approaches for Children with autistic spectrum disorders in the UK 19 Educational placement for Children with an asd 20 Preschool provision for Children with an asd 21 Number of schools and units specifically for Children with an asd 21 Educational approaches used in schools and units in the UK with Children with an asd 22 4 Results from the postal survey 25 LEA personnel 25 Researchers 28 Principals and support groups for particular approaches 28 Local autistic societies 29 Child development centres 29 PART TWO.

4 REVIEW OF THE RESEARCH ON Interventions Introduction 31 Format for the analysis of the research 32 5 Interactive approaches 37 The Playschool curriculum 37 Infant Development Programme 39 Musical interaction therapy 40 Interactive curriculum 41 Music therapy 41 Option approach 42 Research on interactive approaches 43 Research planned or in progress on interactive approaches 47 Evaluation of research on interactive approaches 49 Research needed on interactive approaches 50 6 Approaches to communication 53 The Picture Exchange Communication System 53 Augmentative communication 53 Facilitated Communication 54 Research on communication programmes 55 Research on communication programmes planned 64 Evaluation of research on communication programmes 64 Research needed on communication programmes 67 7 Integration approaches 69 Learning Experiences.

5 An Alternative Programme for Preschoolers and their Parents (LEAP) 69 Walden preschool programme 70 The Douglass Developmental Disabilities Centre 71 Research on integration approaches 72 Research planned on integration approaches 75 Evaluation of the research on integration approaches 75 Research needed on integration approaches 76 8 Division TEACCH 79 Research on the TEACCH programme 81 Research planned or in progress on TEACCH 87 Evaluation of the research on TEACCH 88 Research needed on TEACCH 89 9 Daily Life Therapy at the Boston Higashi school 91 Research on Daily Life Therapy 93 Research planned or in

6 Progress 95 Evaluation of research on Daily Life Therapy 96 Research needed on Daily Life Therapy 96 10 Behavioural approaches 97 Lovaas: Applied behaviour analysis (ABA) through discrete trial methodology 98 Research on behavioural approaches 100 Research in progress or planned 107 Evaluation of the research on behavioural approaches 109 Research needed on behavioural approaches 114 11 Comparative research of different approaches 117 A comparative and descriptive study of Interventions for Children with autism 117 Evaluation of the comparative research study 118 12 Discussion of research findings 119 The overall findings from the evaluative review 119 Roger's (1996) meta-analysis 122 Dawson and Osterling's (1997)

7 Meta-analysis 122 Guralnick's review of research into early Interventions 124 Bristol et al's (1996) meta-analysis 125 13 Implications for future research 127 Research needed 127 Possible research designs and methodologies related to process 129 Some topics for future research based on survey findings 130 Difficulties inherent in research into Interventions 133 Conclusions 135 References 137 Acknowledgements We would like to thank all the professionals, parents and researchers who completed postal questionnaires and Peter Weir of the DfEE.

8 Ivor Widdison of the LGA and other members of the research steering group. Their advice and comments during the study were very useful. We are also grateful to Tracy Mulvaney from Information Services at the University of Birmingham for her advice and support in using the databases. Glossary of terms ABA Applied Behavioural Analysis ABC autism Behaviour Checklist ADI autism Diagnostic Interview ADOS autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule AIT Auditory Integration Training APA American Psychiatric Association asd autistic spectrum disorder ASL American Sign Language CA Chronological Age CABAS Comprehensive Application of Behavior Analysis to Schooling CASPA Coding of Active Sociability by Preschoolers with autism CARS Childhood autism Rating Scale CDC Child Development Centre CEO Chief Education Officer DLT Daily Life Therapy DQ Developmental

9 Quotient DSM Diagnostic and Statistical Manual EBD Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties EFS Emotional Support EP Educational Psychologist ES Independent pointing FC Facilitated Communication FFS Full Facilitator Support GP General Practitioner HV Health Visitor ICD International Classification of Diseases IEP Individual Education Plan IFS Information Support IQ Intelligence Quotient INREAL INter REActive Learning LAS Local Autistic Society LEA Local Education Authority LEAP Learning Experiences.

10 An Alternative Programme for Preschoolers and their Parents LGA Local Government Association MA Mental Age MANOVA Multivariate ANalysis Of VAriance MLD Moderate Learning Difficulties MMR Measles, Mumps and Rubella MS Mainstream NAS National Autistic Society NIH National Institute of Health NOS Not Otherwise Specified PDD Pervasive Developmental Disorder PECS Picture Exchange Communication System PEP Principal Educational Psychologist PEP Psycho- Educational Profile PEP-R Psycho- Educational Profile - Revised PFS Physical Facilitator Support PMA Prorated Mental Age PPVT Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test SEN Special Educational Needs SIB Self Injurious Behaviour SLD Severe Learning Difficulties SQ Social Quotient


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