Effective Community Based Tourism - aknl.net

1 INFORMING PLANNING AND PRACTICEA BEST PrAcTicE manual JunE 2010 Effective Community Based Tourism Tourism NZ APEC Tourism Working grouPEFFECTIVE Community Based Tourism Effective Community Based Tourism : A Best Practice manual APEC Tourism WORKING GROUP AUTHORS Sally Asker, Louise Boronyak, Naomi Carrard and Michael Paddon, Institute for Sustainable Futures, University of Technology Sydney May 2010 PUBLISHED JUNE 2010 By Sustainable Tourism Cooperative Research Centre 2010 Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University QLD 4222 Australia A Best Practice manual 2 APEC Secretariat 2010 APEC Publication number: APEC Secretariat Tel +65 6891 9672 | Fax +65 6891 9689 35 Heng Mui Keng Terrace Singapore 119616 Published June 2010 by Sustainable Tourism Cooperative Research Centre 2010 Prepared by Sally Asker, Louise Boronyak, Naomi Carrard and Michael Paddon, Institute for Sustainable Futures, University of Technology Sydney National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication Entry Title: Effective Community Based Tourism : a best practice manual / Sally Asker.

2 [et al.]. ISBNs: 9781921785047 (pbk.) 9781921785542 (pdf) Subjects: Tourism Economic aspects. Tourism Environmental aspects. Community development. Other Authors/Contributors: Asker, Sally. University of Technology, Sydney. Institute for Sustainable Futures. Dewey Number: This manual is the result of extensive research undertaken for the APEC Tourism Working Group for a project entitled BEST PRACTICES IN KEY RURAL Tourism RESOURCES MANAGED BY LOCAL COMMUNITIES. Effective Community Based Tourism 3 Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS _____ 2 LIST OF FIGURES_____ 5 LIST OF TABLES_____ 5 ABBREVIATIONS_____ 6 ABOUT THIS MANUAL_____ 8 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS_____ 8 INTRODUCTION _____ 9 HOW THE manual HAS BEEN PRODUCED_____ 9 THE FOCUS OF AND STRUCTURE OF THE MANUAL_____ 10 WHY DEVELOP Community Based Tourism ?

3 _____ 1 TRENDS IN TOURISM_____ 1 Community Based TOURISM_____ 2 THE BENEFITS OF CBT _____ 3 THE POTENTIAL FOR THERMAL TOURISM_____ 5 CHALLENGES FOR THERMAL TOURISM_____ 5 FURTHER INFORMATION_____ 6 REFERENCES_____ 6 FIRST CONSIDERATIONS WHEN PREPARING FOR CBT _____ 7 KEY MESSAGE: ALL STAKEHOLDERS NEED TO HAVE THEIR EYES WIDE OPEN TO THE Tourism INDUSTRY_____ 8 KEY MESSAGE: ENABLING A PARTICIPATORY Tourism ASSESSMENT PROCESS WITH THE COMMUNITY_ 11 KEY MESSAGE: THE TYPE AND LEVEL OF Community PARTICIPATION IN CBT SHOULD BE DECIDED AND DEFINED BY THE COMMUNITY_____ 18 KEY MESSAGE: CBT NEEDS TO FIT WITH EXISTING DEVELOPMENT PLANS AND BE SUPPORTED BY AN ENABLING POLICY ENVIRONMENT_____ 20 FURTHER INFORMATION_____ 24 REFERENCES_____ 25 STRUCTURES AND SYSTEMS FOR MANAGING THE CBT OPERATION_____ 26 KEY MESSAGES_____ 26 KEY MESSAGE: INDENTIFYING APPROPRIATE ORGANISATIONAL AND MANAGEMENT STRUCTURES_____ 27 KEY MESSAGE: SELECTING AN Effective AND PRINCIPLED MANAGEMENT TEAM_____ 28 KEY MESSAGE: MAINTAINING STANDARDS AND QUALITY CONTROL_____ 30 KEY MESSAGE: OPERATING WITHIN A REGULATORY FRAMEWORK_____ 32 KEY MESSAGE: INCREASING RESILIENCE THROUGH MANAGING FOR CHANGE_____ 33 KEY MESSAGE.

4 CONTINUOUS MONITORING AND EVALUATION_____ 36 CONSIDERATIONS FOR THERMAL TOURISM_____ 37 FURTHER INFORMATION_____ 37 REFERENCES_____ 38 RESOURCING CBT MECHANISMS FOR FUNDING, ASSET MANAGEMENT AND PROCUREMENT _____ 39 KEY MESSAGES_____ 39 KEY MESSAGE: INDENTIFYING APPROPRIATE FUNDING SOURCES AND STRUCTURES_____ 40 KEY MESSAGE: EQUITABLY SHARING THE BENEFITS_____ 43 KEY MESSAGE: ASSET MANAGEMENT_____ 45 KEY MESSAGE: MANAGING SUPPLY AND DEMAND FOR SUSTAINABILITY_____ 47 CONSIDERATIONS FOR THERMAL TOURISM_____ 47 FURTHER INFORMATION_____ 49 REFERENCES_____ 49 KEY MESSAGES_____ 50 KEY MESSAGE: PREPARE AND STRENGTHEN THE Community TO BE ABLE TO MANAGE THE DELIVERY OF TOURISM_____ 51 KEY MESSAGE: ALLOW THE Community TIME TO ADAPT THEIR CBT VENTURE TO THEIR CONTEXT AND BUILD SKILLS TO INCREASE PERFORMANCE BEFORE EXPANDING_____ 55 KEY MESSAGE: CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT AND TRAINING NEEDS TO GIVE Community MEMBERS THE CONFIDENCE AND MOTIVATION TO EFFECTIVELY MANAGE THE CBT VENTURE AND DELIVER THE CBT A Best Practice manual 4 PRODUCT_____ 57 KEY MESSAGE: CAPACITY TO SUSTAIN A CBT OPERATION AND LEAVE A POSITIVE LEGACY IS LIKELY TO INVOLVE COMPROMISES TO MEET MULTIPLE OBJECTIVES.

5 _____ 58 CONSIDERATIONS FOR THERMAL TOURISM_____ 60 FURTHER INFORMATION_____ 61 REFERENCES_____ 61 DEVELOPING AND MARKETING THE PRODUC _____ 62 KEY MESSAGES_____ 62 KEY MESSAGE: DEFINE THE PRODUCT_____ 63 KEY MESSAGE: KNOW THE TARGET MARKET_____ 66 KEY MESSAGE: TAILORING MARKETING STRATEGIES_____ 69 KEY MESSAGE: ADDING VALUE TO OTHER TOURIST ACTIVITIES_____ 73 MARKETING FOR THERMAL TOURISM_____ 75 FURTHER INFORMATION_____ 76 REFERENCES_____ 76 BUILDING RELATIONSHIPS WITH Tourism STAKEHOLDERS TO SUPPORT CBT_____ 77 KEY MESSAGES_____ 77 KEY MESSAGE: BUILDING POSITIVE RELATIONSHIPS TO DEVELOP A STRONG FOUNDATION FOR CBT __ 78 KEY MESSAGE: RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN COMMUNITIES AND THE PRIVATE SECTOR_____ 82 KEY MESSAGE: COLLABORATION BETWEEN COMMUNITIES AND Tourism AUTHORITIES_____ 84 KEY MESSAGE: REGIONAL Community Tourism HUBS_____ 85 CONSIDERATIONS FOR THERMAL TOURISM_____ 86 FURTHER INFORMATION_____ 86 REFERENCES_____ 86 APPENDIX 1: GOOD PRACTICE CASE STUDIES _____ 88 SELECTING CASE STUDIES_____ 88 THE CASE STUDIES_____ 88 CASE STUDY: Community Based Tourism IN BARIO, MALAYSIA_____ 89 CASE STUDY: BREITENBUSH HOT SPRINGS AND CONFERENCE CENTRE, OREGON, USA _____ 91 CASE STUDY: CHAMBOK ECO- Tourism SITE, CAMBODIA_____ 94 CASE STUDY: CHI PHAT ECO- Tourism SITE, CAMBODIA_____ 96 CASE STUDY: CHEMAINUS, CANADA_____ 99 CASE STUDY: ECOTURISMO KUYIMA, MEXICO_____ 102 CASE STUDY: EL NIDO FOUNDATION, PHILIPPINES_____ 105 CASE STUDY.

6 HELL S GATE GEOTHERMAL RESERVE AND WAI ORA SPA,_____ 108 ROTORUA, NEW ZEALAND_____ 108 CASE STUDY: KOH YAO NOI Community Based ECO- Tourism CLUB, THAILAND_____ 111 CASE STUDY: KUMUL LODGE, ENGA PROVINCE, PAPUA NEW GUINEA_____ 114 CASE STUDY: MANYALLALUK, KATHERINE, AUSTRALIA_____ 116 CASE STUDY: ONE LIFE, JAPAN_____ 118 CASE STUDY: PAMILACAN MARINE LIFE TOURS, PHILIPPINES_____ 120 CASE STUDY: POSADA AMAZONAS, PERU_____ 123 CASE STUDY: SHUI-LI SNAKE KILN CERAMICS CULTURAL PARK, CHINESE TAIPEI_____ 125 CASE STUDY: TAMAKI MAORI VILLAGE, NEW ZEALAND_____ 127 CASE STUDY: TAQUILE, PERU_____ 129 CASE STUDY: TERMAS DE PAPALLACTA, ECUADOR_____ 131 APPENDIX 2: FURTHER READING AND REFERENCES _____ 134 CHAPTER 2: WHY DEVELOP Community Based Tourism ? _____ 134 CHAPTER 3: FIRST CONSIDERATIONS WHEN PREPARING FOR CBT _____ 134 CHAPTER 4: STRUCTURES AND SYSTEMS FOR MANAGING THE CBT OPERATION_____ 136 CHAPTER 5: RESOURCING CBT MECHANISMS FOR FUNDING, ASSET MANAGEMENT AND PROCUREMENT_____ 137 CHAPTER 6: DEVELOPING SKILLS AND LOCAL CAPACITY TO DELIVER CBT AND SUSTAIN ITS LEGACY_ 139 CHAPTER 7: DEVELOPING AND MARKETING THE PRODUCT_____ 139 CHAPTER 8: BUILDING RELATIONSHIPS WITH Tourism STAKEHOLDERS TO SUPPORT CBT _____ 140 APPENDIX 3.

7 KNOWLEDGE HUBS AND NETWORKS FOR Community BASE Tourism __ 142 Effective Community Based Tourism 5 List of Figures Figure 1 Aspects of sustainability_____ 2 Figure 2 Sustainable Tourism stakeholders _____ 13 Figure 3 Types of Tourism stakeholders external to the Community _____ 79 Figure 4 Different types of support given to CBT by Tourism stakeholders _____ 80 List of Tables Table 1 Enabling conditions and barriers for CBT _____ 4 Table 2 Traveller types identified by the Canadian Tourism Commission _____ 67 Table 3 The 5P s of marketing a CBT venture _____ 69 Table 4 Advantages and disadvantages to types of Community partnerships _____ 81 A Best Practice manual 6 Abbreviations ADB Asian Development Bank APEC Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation AYAD Australian Youth Ambassadors for Development CIDA Canadian International Development Agency CBT Community Based Tourism CIP Community involvement plan CO Community Organisation CS Communication Strategy EU European Union GEF-SGP GEF Small Grants Program ICRT International Centre for Responsible Tourism IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature LLEE Live and Learn Environmental Education MTDP Mekong Tourism Development Project NGO Non-Government Organisations NZ New Zealand NZaid New Zealand Aid Agency ODI Overseas Development Institute OECD Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development PNG Papua New Guinea PPST Pro Poor Sustainable Tourism PPT Pro-Poor Tourism REST Responsible Ecological Social Tours SNV A Netherlands- Based .

8 International development organisation Effective Community Based Tourism 7 STCRC Sustainable Tourism Cooperative Research Centre Tourism Management Plan TMP TRAP Tourism and Rural Poverty Alleviation Programme UN United Nations UNDP United Nations Development Program UNWTO United Nations World Trade Organisation UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation VSO Volunteer Service Overseas VIDA Volunteers for International Development from Australia WWF World Wide Fund for Nature A Best Practice manual 8 About This manual This manual was produced by researchers at the Institute for Sustainable Futures at the University of Technology, Sydney, with advice from the University s School of Leisure, Sport and Tourism , for the APEC Tourism Working Group.

9 The Project Coordinator was the Peruvian Ministry of Foreign Trade and Tourism (MINCETUR) and the APEC International Centre for Sustainable Tourism (AICST) managed the research in conjunction with the Sustainable Tourism Cooperative Research Centre (STCRC). Acknowledgements The authors of this manual would like to acknowledge the important contributions made by the following people: From the Institute of Sustainable Futures, ISF, research on thermal Tourism and case studies was contributed by Ceridwen Dovey, Chris Cooper and Tim Brennan. Deborah Edwards from the School of Leisure, Sport and Tourism in the Faculty of Business, University of Technology, Sydney who provided assistance with resources, tools and case studies. Ian Kean, Bromley, and Karen Brindley from AICST and the STCRC provided support during the duration of the project.

10 Dulce Acosta, Julio Chan, Eduardo Sevilla of MINCETUR, Peru, organised and made significant contributions to the Workshop held in Cusco, Peru, in March 2010. Representatives from APEC economies, the Philippines, Malaysia, Chile, Peru, Indonesia, and New Zealand who participated in the Workshop in March 2010. John Vasco provided assistance in Spanish translation of documents. Community Based Tourism operators of the case studies provided and/or verified information. Effective Community Based Tourism 9 1 INTRODUCTION This manual provides guidance on the issues to be addressed when developing Community Based Tourism (CBT) activities managed by local communities in regional and rural areas.