ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION AND DISTRIBUTION

1 ATP MCRP ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION AND DISTRIBUTION JULY 2018 DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for public release; DISTRIBUTION is unlimited. This publication supersedes TM , 13 August 2013. Headquarters, Department of the army Foreword This publication has been prepared under our direction for use by our respective commands and other commands as appropriate. ROBERT F. WHITTLE, JR. ROBERT S. WALSH Brigadier General, USA Lieutenant General, USMC Commandant Deputy Commandant for army engineer School Combat Development and Integration This publication is available at the army Publishing Directorate site ( ) and the Central army Registry site ( ). *ATP DISTRIBUTION Restriction: Approved for public release; DISTRIBUTION is unlimited. *This publication supersedes TM , dated 13 August July 2018 ATP i army Techniques Publication No. Marine Corps Reference Publication No.

2 Headquarters Department of the army Washington, DC, 6 July 2018 Headquarters Marine Corps Combat Development Command Department of t he Navy Headquarters, united States Marine Corps Washington, DC, 6 July 2018 ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION and DISTRIBUTION Contents Page iv INTRODUCTION .. v Chapter 1 ELECTRICAL POWER .. 1-1 Electrical POWER Support to Military Operations .. 1-1 Operational Energy .. 1-2 Electrical POWER Source Levels .. 1-3 Chapter 2 TACTICAL ELECTRICAL POWER .. 2-1 Electrical POWER Support to Offense and Defense .. 2-1 Tactical ELECTRIC POWER Management .. 2-1 Tactical ELECTRIC POWER Production .. 2-2 Generator Sets .. 2-2 Tactical POWER DISTRIBUTION .. 2-2 Supplemental POWER Sources .. 2-4 Chapter 3 PRIME ELECTRICAL POWER .. 3-1 Electrical POWER Supporting Stability .. 3-1 Prime POWER .. 3-1 Prime ELECTRIC POWER Production .. 3-2 POWER GENERATION .. 3-2 Prime POWER DISTRIBUTION .

3 3-2 Prime POWER Support Requests .. 3-7 Service Prime POWER Capabilities .. 3-7 Chapter 4 UTILITY ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEMS .. 4-1 Transition to Utility POWER .. 4-1 Commercial and Host Nation Utility POWER .. 4-3 Chapter 5 ELECTRICAL POWER PLANNING .. 5-1 Planning Considerations .. 5-1 Automated DISTRIBUTION Illumination System, Electrical .. 5-2 5- Step POWER -Planning Process .. 5-3 Contents ii ATP 6 July 2018 ELECTRIC POWER Management .. 5-7 Appendix A army PRIME A-1 Appendix B NAVY PRIME POWER CAPABILITY .. B-1 Appendix C AIR FORCE CAPABILITY .. C-1 Appendix D MARINE CORPS CAPABILITY .. D-1 Appendix E POWER SYSTEMS EQUIPMENT .. E-1 Appendix F WORLDWIDE VOLTAGE AND PLUG CONFIGURATION .. F-1 GLOSSARY .. Glossary-1 REFERENCES .. References-1 INDEX .. Index-1 Figures Figure 1-1. Electrical POWER transitions .. 1-5 Figure 1-2. POWER DISTRIBUTION responsibilities.

4 1-7 Figure 2-1. Spot GENERATION .. 2-3 Figure 2-2. Tactical microgrid .. 2-4 Figure 2-3. Future tactical microgrid .. 2-5 Figure 3-1. Radial layout .. 3-3 Figure 3-2. Loop DISTRIBUTION faulted .. 3-4 Figure 3-3. Loop DISTRIBUTION normal .. 3-5 Figure 3-4. Typical simple secondary DISTRIBUTION network .. 3-6 Figure 5-1. Notional AutoDISE POWER DISTRIBUTION layout .. 5-3 Figure 5-2. The 5-step POWER -planning process .. 5-3 Figure E-1. 2-kilowatt tactical generator .. E-1 Figure E-2. 3-kilowatt tactical quiet generator .. E-2 Figure E-3. AMMPS .. E-2 Figure E- 4. AMMPS POWER systems .. E-3 Figure E-5. Large POWER sources .. E-3 Figure E-6. Tactical POWER DISTRIBUTION systems .. E-4 Figure E-7. MEP-810 .. E-4 Figure E-8. Primary switch center .. E-5 Figure E-9. Secondary DISTRIBUTION center .. E-6 Figure E-10. POWER DISTRIBUTION panels .. E-6 Figure E-11. Ruggedized army transformer.

5 E-7 Figure E-12. RALS .. E-7 Figure E-13. Alternative POWER sources .. E-8 Figure F-1. Worldwide outlets and plugs .. F-7 Contents 6 July 2018 ATP iii Tables Table 1-1. Electrical POWER source levels .. 1-3 Table 5-1. Electrical POWER system considerations .. 5-5 Table A-1. Load planning factors ..A-4 Table F-1. Worldwide voltages .. F-1 *ATP iv ATP 6 July 2018 Preface ATP is a compilation of tactics, techniques, and procedures found in doctrine, lessons learned, and other reference material that, for the first time, provides an integrated systematic approach to ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION , DISTRIBUTION , and management. It codifies lessons learned over the past 16 years and serves commanders and their staffs as a comprehensive guide for planning, producing, distributing, and managing electrical POWER in support of military operations.

6 ATP is suitable for army and Marine Corps commanders/leaders and their staffs at all echelons, but the principal audience for this manual is the engineer staff, officers at brigade/Marine air- ground task force (MAGTF) headquarters and below, and planners who have staff proponency for electrical POWER GENERATION and DISTRIBUTION . It is also a valuable reference for army and Marine Corps trainers, educators, and combat developers and other Services. Commanders, staffs, and subordinates ensure that their decisions and actions comply with applicable united States, international, and in some cases host-nation laws and regulations. Commanders at all levels ensure that their Soldiers/Marines operate in accordance with the law of war and the rules of engagement. (See FM 27-10 and ATP [FM ]/MCRP 3-25E/NTTP )ATP uses joint terms where applicable.

7 Selected joint and army terms and definitions appear in both the glossary and the text. Terms for which ATP is the proponent (the authority) are italicized in the text and are marked with an asterisk (*) in the glossary. Definitions for which ATP is the proponent publication are boldfaced in the text. For other definitions shown in the text, the term is italicized and the number of the proponent publication follows the definition. ATP applies to the Active army , army National Guard/ army National Guard of the united States, united States army Reserve, Department of Defense Civilians, deployed contractors, and total force Marine Corps unless otherwise stated. The proponent of ATP is the united States army engineer School. The preparing agency is the Maneuver Support Center of Excellence (MSCoE) Capabilities Development and Integration Directorate (CDID); Concepts, Organizations, and Doctrine Development Division; Doctrine Branch.

8 Send comments and recommendations on a DA Form 2028 (Recommended Changes to Publications and Blank Forms) to Commander, MSCoE, ATTN: ATZT-CDC, 14000 MSCoE Loop, Suite 235, Fort Leonard Wood, MO 65473-8929; by e-mail to or submit an electronic DA Form 2028. Marine Corps readers of this publication are encouraged to submit suggestions and changes to Deputy Commandant for Combat Development and Integration, ATTN: C116, 3300 Russell Road, Suite 204, Quantico, VA 22134-5021 or by e-mail to 6 July 2018 ATP v Introduction Modern warfare relies on electrically powered systems, making electricity an essential element that supports warfighting functions. Mission command, intelligence, movement and maneuver, fires, sustainment and logistics, and protection/f orce protection depend on electricity for an array of capabilities, from communicating with Soldiers in the field to strategic missile defense assets protecting the united States and its allies.

9 The mission command and communications systems within each echelon command post are highly reliant on electrical POWER . Administrative, Service health system support, sustainment operations, and even weapon systems are now dependent on electrical POWER to operate. The result of this growing dependence on electricity is an increase in the quantity and quality of POWER needed to support military operations. The indispensable nature of electrical POWER compels commanders and planners to recognize their electrical POWER needs and ensure that those needs are met. From the military perspective, electrical POWER encompasses the entire spectrum of POWER GENERATION , DISTRIBUTION , and management that supports military operations. This spectrum consists of tactical (low-voltage), prime (medium-voltage), and utility electrical POWER (commercial or host nation).

10 The army protection warfighting function/(Marine Corps) force protection warfighting function are written in this manual as protection/force protection warfighting function. ATP contains the following five chapters and six appendixes that provide supplemental material: Chapter 1 describes the role of electrical POWER that is in support of military operations andprovides an overview of the electrical POWER source levels (tactical, prime, and utility). The chapterthen summarizes the POWER management responsibilities and safety considerations. Chapter 2 is an overview of tactical electrical POWER systems. Chapter 3 focuses on prime POWER electrical systems and their role in supplying medium voltage. Chapter 4 outlines the role of utility POWER support to military operations. Chapter 5 discusses the planning, resourcing, and construction of POWER systems.