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1 Advisory Committee Vehicle Electric Report of Recommendations 20151 Table of ContentsExecutive Summary I. Current State of the EV Industry a. National EV Sales b. Regional EV Sales c. Local EV Sales d. Multi-State ZEV MOU II. EV Charging Methods a.

2 Level 1 Chargers b. Level 2 Chargers c. DC Fast Chargers d. Tesla Fast Charge III. Approaches to EV Charging a. International Models b. National Models c.

3 EV Charging Options in New york city d. Local Law 130/13 IV. EV Charging Challenges for New york city V. Committee Recommendations 2015 Work Plan 35678999910101111121323 Executive SummaryThe Electric Vehicle Advisory Committee (the Committee) was convened pursuant to Local Law 122 of 2013. The Committee is required to meet at least twice a year through 2019 with the goal to make recommendations on ways to promote the use of Electric Vehicles (EVs) among the general public. Pursuant to the Local Law the following Committee members are required: the Commissioners of the city s Department of Transportation (DOT),the Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) and the Department of Buildings (DOB) or their designees; the Director of the Mayor s Office of Sustainability or his or her designee; the Speaker of the city Council or his or her designee; each of the five borough presidents or their designees.

4 And at least one representative from the EV industry and transport-ation and environmental advocates (currently Consolidated Edison, New york Power Authority (NYPA), National Resources Defense Council (NRDC), Green Parking Council and the Electric Drive Transportation Association). EVs are becoming more common in New york city , but increased EV usage raises many complex questions. The Committee will work to find potential solutions to these questions and other issues related to increased EV first report addresses the current state of EV usage in New york city and recommends potential actions that the city and other members of the Committee can take to encourage the use of EV including: EV ownership in New york city has been steadily increasing but remains relatively low and, accordingly, has the demand for additional charging solutions.

5 The existing charging situation is mostly reliant on private parking facilities. New solutions may be needed in the future as Electric Vehicle populations continue to grow. Expanded publically available infrastructure could inspire purchaser confidence and stimulate additional market demand. This infrastructure does not necessarily require the city s involvement. Recently enacted Local law 130 of 2013 will provide some additional charging opportunities in private property in the near future. 4 Prospectivebuyers admire a sedan in the Tesla showroom in EV Sales Since the current generation of EVs entered the market in 2011, the number of EV models has steadily increased and currently there are about 20 models of plug-in EVs available.

6 As the name suggests, a plug-in EV requires that the Vehicle be physically attached to an electrical source to charge its battery. There are hybrid plug-in EVs, which are powered by battery and gasoline, and pure battery powered plug-in sales have grown dramatically since 2011. However, penetrating the American automotive market with a I. Current State of the EV Industrynew technology has been a long, slow process. EV sales represent less than 1% of the total Vehicle sales in 2014. According to the Electric Drive Transportation Association (EDTA), as of December 2014, there were a cumulative total of 286,000 plug-in EVs operating in the United States.

7 This figure includes 2014 sales of 118,773 plug-in EVs in the United States (23% increase over 2013 sales). Hybrid plug-in EVs represent approximately 50% of the plug-in EVs sold today. Pure battery EVs were slower coming to market but have grown in sales. 70,00060,00050,00040,00030,00020,00010,0 0020112012201320140 Plug-in HybridBattery ElectricNational Sales of Plug-in Vehicles by Model Year6 Regional EV Sales In 2014, 1,004 plug-in EVs were registered in New york city and Westchester County, of which 434 were pure battery EVs. There were 298,973 total vehicles sold in the region during that same period. Cumulatively, since 2011, there were over 3,000 EVs registered in New york city and Westchester.

8 9008007006005004003002001000201120122013 2014 Plug-in HybridBattery ElectricPlug-in Vehicle Sales for NYC & Westchester County by Model YearNew Yorkers at the Shops at Columbus Circle examine an Electric Vehicle on EV Sales In New york city , 229,775 conventional vehicles were sold during in 2014. During that same period, 596 plug-in EVs were registered. About 1,600 Plug-in EV s were registered in New york city between 2011-2014; however, some of those vehicles are part of the New york city fleet acquisitions. New york city s fleet currently operates a total 510 plug-in EVs ranging from low speed to highway Hybrid (344)Battery Electric (252)Plug-in Hybrid (344)Battery Electric (252)2014 Sales by Type NYC8007006005004003002001000201120122013 2014 SIBXKINGSQNSMNNYC Plug-in EV Registrations by Borough 2011- 2014 8 Multi-State ZEV MOU In October 2013, New york State (NYS) joined 7 other states (California, Connecticut, Maryland, Massachusetts, Oregon, Rhode Island, and Vermont) in signing a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU)

9 Which, among other things, is aimed at reducing transportation-related air pollution, including the emission of greenhouse gas emissions. Specifically, the signatory states agreed to jointly develop infrastructure, policies, codes and standards to put million Zero- Emission Vehicles (ZEVs) on the road by 2025. ZEVs include hybrid plug-in, battery Electric and hydrogen-powered fuel cell EVs. These 8 states together comprise about a quarter of the nation s new car sales. Since the signing of the MOU, state regulators, the auto industry, infrastructure developers and other stakeholders have shared information and best practices to help move this groundbreaking effort forward.

10 Based on NYS s traditional market share, it is forecast that NYS will need approximately 820,000 ZEVs on the road by 2025. As of late 2014, there were about 8,000 ZEVs in NYS; therefore, a 100 fold increase will be required in the next decade. NYS created the Governor s ZEV Task Force to develop plans to increase the use of ZEVs within the government and to encourage the public to use them as well. 9 Level 1 Chargers The 110 Volt option is typically used at private homes and some workplace charging locations. Charge times are slower than the other charging options. They can provide up to kWh of charge, which is ideal for hybrid plug-in EVs that have smaller batteries and can get a substantial charge in 8 hours or less.