Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Low …

1 Page 1 SummaryIEC 61000-3-2: Limits for harmonic currentemissions (equipment inputcurrent 16A per phase)IEC 61000-3-4: Limitation of emission ofharmonic currents in low-voltagepower supply systems forequipment with rated currentgreater than 16 A per phaseElectromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)Low-Frequency StandardsStandards on Low-FrequencyEmission: IEC 61000-3-2 Goal:limitation of harmonic components of theinput current impressed on the publiclow-voltage supply system, for equipmentwith input current 16 A per phase Equipment to be connected to 220/380 V, 230/400 Vand 240/415 V systems operating at 50 Hz or 60 Hz No limits for systems with nominal voltage less than220 V (line-to-neutral) Four categories of equipment Absolute and/or relative limits (relative limits based oninput power)Page 2 Single-phaseequipmentIEC 61000-3-2: Measurement CircuitThree-phaseequipmentEUTInUZSGZMSM EUTInUZSGZMZSGZMZSGZMZSZMInInL1NL2L3 SMIEC 61000-3-2 Supply Source RequirementsTest voltage U at the EUT s terminals: rated voltage of the equipment.

2 In the case of voltagerange, use 230/400 V for single-phase and three-phasesupply voltage accuracy within 2 % of the nominal value frequency accuracy within % of the nominalvalue displacement accuracy between each pair of phasesof a three-phase source within peak value of the test voltage shall be within times its RMS value and shall be reached within87 to 93 after the zero crossing (not applicable toclass A and B equipment)Page 3 IEC 61000-3-2 Supply Source RequirementsWith EUT connected, the harmonic ratiosof test voltage shall not exceed:LimitsHarmonic order0,9%30,4%50,3%70,2%90,2%even, from 2 to 100,1%from 11 to 40 Voltage drop on input impedance ZM shall notexceed 61000-3-2 Measurement Equipment Requirements Any type of wave analyzer may be used (frequency-domain instrumentation using selectiveamplifier, heterodyne, multiple passive filters, spectrumanalyzer tuned to the frequency to be measured, and time-domain instrumentation using digital filters or Discrete-Fourier-Transform DFT) Annex B of IEC 61000-3-2 reportsrequirements for measurement equipmentPage 4 IEC 61000-3-2 Classification of Equipment Class A: balanced 3-phase equipment ( line currentsdiffering less than 20 %) and all other equipment, exceptthose in the following classes Class B: portable tools Class C.

3 Lighting equipment including dimming deviceswith active input power above 25 W Class D: equipment having an input current with a"special wave shape" and a fundamental active inputpower between 75 and 600 W. Whatever the wave shapeof their input current, Class B, Class C, andprovisionally motor-driven equipment are notconsidered as Class D equipmentEach half cycle of input current is within theenvelope for at least 95% of the timeIEC 61000-3-2 Class D equipment: Special Wave ShapePage 5 Classification of EquipmentBal. 3-phaseequipment?Portabletool?Lightingeq uipment?Specialwaveshape(P 600W)?Motordriven?Class AClass BClass CClass DyesnonoyesyesnonoyesnoyesIEC 61000-3-2 - Harmonic LimitsClass A and Class BHarmonic ordernOdd harmonics3579111315 <= n <= 39 Even harmonics2468 <= n <= 40 Class A maxpermissible harmonic B maxpermissibleharmonic 6 Class C > 25 WHarmonic ordern2357911 <= n <= 39 Maximum valueexpressed as a percentageof the fundamental inputcurrent of the luminaries230 *10753* is power factorIEC 61000-3-2 - Harmonic LimitsIEC 61000-3-2 - Lighting Equipment Independent Dimming devices shall comply with class A.

4 Where phase control isused on incandescent lamps, the firing angle shallnot exceed 145 Built-in dimming devices for incandescent lamp class A limits shall besatisfied. Where phase control is used, the firingangle shall not exceed 145 for discharge lamps class D limits applyPage 7 Class D (Rated load condition)Harmonic ordern3579111315 <= n <= 39175 W < P < 600 > 600 61000-3-2 - Harmonic LimitsNo limits apply for equipment below 75 W input powerHarmonic Current Measurements No limits apply for high power equipment (> 1 kW)for professional use (equipment for use in trades,professions, or industries not intended for sale to the generalpublic) For harmonics of the order above 19, if the currentspectrum envelope shows a monotonic decrease ofthe increasing order harmonics, measurement canbe restricted to the first 19 harmonics Harmonic currents less than % of the inputcurrent measured under the test conditions, or lessthan 5 mA, whichever is greater, are disregardedPage 8 Harmonic Current Measurements The limits are applicable to steady-state harmoniccurrents For transitory harmonic currents the followingapplies: harmonic current lasting for no more than 10 s when apiece of equipment is brought into operation or is takenout of operation, manually or automatically, aredisregarded the limits apply to all other transitory harmonic currentsoccurring during the testing of equipment or parts ofequipment.

5 For transitory even harmonic currents of orderfrom 2 to 10 and transitory odd harmonic currents of orderfrom 3 to 19, values up to times the limits are allowedfor each harmonic during a maximum of 10% of anyobservation period of minIEC 61000-3-2: Comments High crest-factor waveforms are penalized (Class D)in order to reduce peak-clipping effect. If line-voltagedistortion will not improve in the future, the lower power limitof class D will be reduced from 75 W to 50 W Even harmonics are penalized in order to reduceasymmetry Below 600 W class A limits are less severe thanClass D. Consider changing the input currentwaveform Requirements for lamps above 25 W are severe,below 25 W there is presently no limitPage 9 Test Conditions Particular test conditions are specified for the followingequipment: Television (TV) receiver (both colour and monochrome) Audio amplifiers Video-cassette recorders Lighting equipment Incandescent lamp dimmers Vacuum cleaners Washing machines Microwave ovens Information technology equipment (ITE) Induction hobs For other equipment, user s operation controls or automaticprograms shall be set to produce the maximum harmoniccomponents under normal operating conditions for eachsuccessive harmonic component in turnHarmonic Pollution TestsDiode Rectifier supplying a Three-Phase InverterPower: 3,500 W, Voltage.

6 400 V, 50 Hz, Switching frequency: 18 kHzClass AHarmonic emission of phase A00,511,522,533,544,52468101214161820222 42628303234363840 HarmonicsA 10 Technical Report on Low-FrequencyEmission: IEC 61000-3-4 Limitation of emission of harmoniccurrents in low-voltage power supplysystems for equipment with rated currentgreater than 16 A per phaseIEC 61000-3-4 IEC 61000-3-4 extends the field of application of previousstandard IEC 61000-3-2, for electrical and electronicequipment with a rated input current exceeding 16 A perphase Equipment to be connected to public low-voltage systems of the following types: nominal voltage up to 240 V, single-phase (two or threewires) nominal voltage up to 600 V, three-phase (three or fourwires) nominal frequency 50 Hz or 60Hz Two methods for type tests are allowed: direct measurement of emission calculation of the emission by validated simulationsPage 11 Single-phaseequipmentIEC 61000-3-2 Measurement CircuitThree-phaseequipmentSourceZLZNEUT UL UNLNUS ourceZLZNEUT UL UNL1 NUZLZLL2L3 IEC 61000-3-2 Supply Source RequirementsTest voltage U at the source s terminals: rated voltage of the equipment.

7 In the case of voltagerange, use 230 V for single-phase or three-phase supply(400V line-line) voltage accuracy within 2 % of the nominal value frequency accuracy within % of the nominal value displacement accuracy between each pair of phases of athree-phase source within peak value of the test voltage shall be within and its RMS value and shall be reached within 87 to 93 after the zero crossing voltage drop U ( U = UL+ UN or U = 2 UL) shall notexceed VpeakPage 12 IEC 61000-3-2 Supply Source RequirementsWith EUT connected, the harmonic ratiosof test voltage shall not exceed:LimitsHarmonic order0,9%30,4%50,3%70,2%90,2%even, from 2 to 100,1%from 11 to 40 IEC 61000-3-4: Definitions Point of common coupling (PCC): point in the publicnetwork which is closest to the consumer concerned andto which other consumers are or may be connected Partial weighted harmonic distortion (PWHD): Short-circuit power (Ssc): calculated from the nominalsystem voltage Unom and the impedance Z at the PCC IInPWHD4014n21n == ==ZUS2nomsc==Page 13 IEC 61000-3-4: Definitions Rated apparent power (Sequ): calculated from the line current Iequ of the piece of equipment and therated voltage Up (single phase) or Ui (interphase)max_equpequequiequequiequequ pequIU3 SIU3 SIUSIUS========For single-phase equipmentFor interphase equipmentFor balanced three-phase equipmentFor unbalanced three-phase equipment(Iequ_max is the maximum of the flowing in any one of the threephases)IEC 61000-3-4.

8 Definitions Short-circuit ratio (Rsce):(())(())equscsceequscsceequscsceS SRS2 SRS3SR======For single-phase equipmentFor interphase equipmentFor all three-phase equipmentPage 14 IEC 61000-3-4: Connection Procedures Stage 1 - Simplified Connection: equipment complyingwith stage 1 limits can be connected at any point of thesupply system provided the short-circuit ratio Rsce is 33 Stage 2 - Connection based on Network and EquipmentData : for equipment not complying with stage 1 limits,higher emission values may be allowed, provided theshort-circuit ratio Rsce is 33 Stage 3 - Connection based on the consumer s agreedpower: if the conditions of neither stage 1 nor stage 2 arefulfilled, or if the input current of the equipment exceeds75 A, the supply authority may accept the connection ofthe equipment on the basis of the agreed active power ofthe consumer s installation.

9 The local requirements ofthe power supply authority apply in this caseIEC 61000-3-4: Connection ProceduresStage 1 current emission values for simplified connectionof equipment (Sequ Ssc / 33)Harmonic numbernAdmissibleharmonic currentIn/I1* % numbernAdmissibleharmonic currentIn/I1* %21 33 8/n or * I1 = rated fundamental current; In = harmonic current componentPage 15 IEC 61000-3-4: Connection ProceduresStage 2 current emission values for single-phase,interphase and unbalanced three-phase equipmentMinimalRsceAdmissibleharmoniccu rrentdistortionfactors%Admissible individual harmonic currentIn/I1*%THDPWHDI3I5I7I9I11I1366252 5231186541202929251210765175333329141187 6250393934181210873504646402415129845051 514030201412106005757403020141210 NOTE 1 The relative value of even harmonics shall not exceed 16/n %NOTE 2 Linear interpolation between successive Rsce values is permittedNOTE 3 In the case of unbalanced three-phase equipment, these valuesapply to each phase* I1 = rated fundamental current.

10 In = harmonic current componentIEC 61000-3-4: Connection ProceduresStage 2 current emission values for balanced three-phase equipmentMinimalRsceAdmissibleharmoniccu rrentdistortionfactors%Admissible individual harmonic currentIn/I1*%THDPWHDI5I7I11I13661625141 1108120182916121181752533201412825035393 0181383504846402515104505851503520156007 05760402518 NOTE 1 The relative value of even harmonics shall not exceed 16/n %NOTE 2 Linear interpolation between successive Rsce values ispermitted* I1 = rated fundamental current; In = harmonic current componentPage 16 Harmonic Current Measurements Limits for equipment as specified apply to line currents for alltypes of power connections and load Harmonic currents below % of the input fundamentalcurrent, are disregarded harmonic current lasting for