ELECTRONIC WARFARE AND RADAR SYSTEMS ENGINEERING …

1 NAWCWD TP 8347 NAVAL AIR WARFARE CENTER WEAPONS DIVISION POINT MUGU, CALIFORNIA ELECTRONIC WARFARE AND RADAR SYSTEMS ENGINEERING HANDBOOK NAVAIR ELECTRONIC WARFARE /Combat SYSTEMS 1 April 1997 w/Rev 4 of 1 Jun 2012 Approved for public release: Distribution is unlimited U N C L A S S IF I E DU N C L A S S IF I E DReport Documentation PageForm ApprovedOMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for the collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering andmaintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information,including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, ArlingtonVA 22202-4302.

2 Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to a penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if itdoes not display a currently valid OMB control number. 1. REPORT DATE 01 JUN 2012 2. REPORT TYPE Final 3. DATES COVERED - 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE ELECTRONIC WARFARE and RADAR SYSTEMS ENGINEERING Handbook 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) NAVAIR ELECTRONIC WARFARE /Combat SYSTEMS 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) Naval Air WARFARE Center Weapons Division Point Mugu, California 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATIONREPORT NUMBER NAWCWD TP 8347 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR S ACRONYM(S) 11. SPONSOR/MONITOR S REPORT NUMBER(S) 12.

3 DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT Approved for public release, distribution unlimited 13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES The original document contains color images. 14. ABSTRACT This handbook is designed to aid ELECTRONIC WARFARE and RADAR SYSTEMS engineers in making generalestimations regarding capabilities of SYSTEMS . This handbook is sponsored by the NAVAIR Director ofElectronic WARFARE / Combat SYSTEMS . 15. SUBJECT TERMS 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT SAR 18. NUMBEROF PAGES 398 19a. NAME OFRESPONSIBLE PERSON a. REPORT unclassified b. ABSTRACT unclassified c. THIS PAGE unclassified Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98) Prescribed by ANSI Std Z39-18 Naval Air SYSTEMS Command Naval Air WARFARE Center Weapons Division FOREWORD This handbook is designed to aid ELECTRONIC WARFARE and RADAR SYSTEMS engineers in making general estimations regarding capabilities of SYSTEMS .

4 This handbook is sponsored by the NAVAIR Director of ELECTRONIC WARFARE / Combat SYSTEMS . Approved by: Approved by: Under authority of: MARK SCHALLHEIM, Dr. RONALD SMILEY MATHIAS W. WINTER. Chief Engineer Director Avionics Department RADM Navy Electromagnetic Spectrum Dominance Naval Air WARFARE Center Weapons Division Commander Naval Air SYSTEMS Command And Director, ELECTRONIC WARFARE /Combat SYSTEMS Naval Air SYSTEMS Command Jun 1, 2012 Released for publication by: S C O T T O 'N E IL Executive Director and Director for Research and ENGINEERING NAWCWD Technical Publication 8347 - Rev 4 Published by .. Technical Information Division NAWCWD TP 8347 Rev 3 Collation .. Cover, 163 leaves (Rev 4), + Tabs Third Printing (Rev 4)..50 copies Second Printing (Rev 3).. 100 copies First 2,000 copies Previously published as NAWCWPNS TS 92-78 (1st through 4th Edition).

5 4,040 copies i CONTENTS Section ABBREVIATIONS and ACRONYMS .. 1-1 FUNDAMENTALS Constants, Conversions, and Characters .. 2-1 Mathematical Notation .. 2-2 Frequency Spectrum .. 2-3 Decibel (dB).. 2-4 Duty Cycle .. 2-5 Doppler Shift .. 2-6 ELECTRONIC Formulas .. 2-7 Missile and ELECTRONIC Equipment 2-8 RADAR Horizon / Line of Sight .. 2-9 Propagation Time / Resolution .. 2-10 2-11 Transforms / Wavelets .. 2-12 ANTENNAS Antenna Introduction / Basics .. 3-1 Polarization .. 3-2 Radiation Patterns .. 3-3 Frequency / Phase Effects of Antennas .. 3-4 Antenna Near 3-5 Radiation 3-6 Active Electronically Scanned Arrays (AESA) ..3-7 RADAR EQUATIONS Field Intensity and Power 4-1 Power Density.

6 4-2 One-Way RADAR Equation / RF 4-3 Two-Way RADAR Equation (Monostatic) .. 4-4 Alternate Two-Way RADAR Equation .. 4-5 Two-Way RADAR Equation (Bistatic) .. 4-6 Jamming to Signal (J/S) Ratio - Constant Power [Saturated] Jamming .. 4-7 Burn-Through / Crossover Range .. 4-8 Support Jamming .. 4-9 Jamming to Signal (J/S) Ratio - Constant Gain [Linear] Jamming .. 4-10 RADAR Cross Section (RCS) .. 4-11 Emission Control (EMCON) .. 4-12 EW Jamming Techniques .. 4-13 RADAR AND RECEIVER CHARACTERISTICS & TEST RF Atmospheric Absorption / 5-1 Receiver Sensitivity / 5-2 Receiver Types and 5-3 RADAR Modes .. 5-4 General RADAR Display Types .. 5-5 IFF - Identification - Friend or 5-6 Receiver 5-7 Signal Sorting and Direction Finding .. 5-8 ii MICROWAVE / RF COMPONENTS Microwave Waveguides and Coaxial Cable .. 6-1 Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) / Reflection Coefficient Return Loss / Mismatch Loss.

7 6-2 Microwave Coaxial Connectors .. 6-3 Power Dividers and Directional Couplers .. 6-4 Attenuators / Filters / DC Blocks .. 6-5 Terminations / Dummy Loads .. 6-6 Circulators and Diplexers .. 6-7 Mixers and Frequency Discriminators .. 6-8 Detectors .. 6-9 RF / Microwave Amplifiers .. 6-10 Signal Generation .. 6-11 Digital Processing 6-12 Microwave Measurements .. 6-13 ELECTRO-OPTICS AND IR .. 7-1 Optical Spectrum .. Radiometric Quantities and Terminology .. Photometric Quantities .. Basic Principles .. Basic Radiant Power Relationships .. Infrared Source Characteristics .. Atmospheric Transmission .. EO Components and IR Threats to Aircraft and Their Countermeasures .. IRCM .. Lasers .. Fiber Optics .. Laser Safety .. 7-2 AIRCRAFT DYNAMICS CONSIDERATIONS Free Fall / Aircraft Drag .. 8-1 Mach Number and Airspeed vs Altitude.

8 8-2 Maneuverability .. 8-3 EMP / Aircraft Dimensions .. 8-4 DATA TRANSFER BUSSES Data 9-1 RS-232 Interface .. 9-2 RS-422 Balanced Voltage Interface .. 9-3 RS-485 Interface .. 9-4 IEEE-488 Interface Bus (HP-IB/GP-IB) .. 9-5 MIL-STD-1553 & 1773 Data Bus .. 9-6 9-7 Transmission Control Protocol / Internet 9-8 GLOSSARY .. 10-1 ABBREVIATIONS and ACRONYMS a Acceleration or atto (10-18 multiplier) A Ampere, Area, Altitude, Angstrom ( ), Antenna Aperture, or Aerial A-799 No evidence of failure report A/A, A-A, AA Air-to-Air or Anti-Aircraft AA-() Air-to-Air missile number () AAA Anti-Aircraft Artillery AAAA Army Aviation Association of America AAED Advanced Airborne Expendable Decoy AAM Air-to-Air Missile AARGM Advanced Anti-Radiation Guided Missile AAW Anti-Air WARFARE A-BIT Automatic Built-in-Test ABM Air Breathing Missile or Anti-ballistic Missile A/C Aircraft (also acft.)

9 AC Alternating Current ACA Associate Contractor Agreement or Airspace Coordination Area ACAT Acquisition Category ACC Air Combat Command ACCB Aircraft Configuration Control Board Acft Aircraft (also A/C) ACLS Aircraft Carrier Landing System ACM Advanced Cruise Missile or Air Combat Maneuvering ACQ Acquisition ACS Antenna Coupler Set ACTD Advanced Concept Technology Demonstration A/D Analog to Digital ADM Advanced Development Model ADP Automatic Data Processing or Advanced Development Program AEA Airborne ELECTRONIC Attack AEC Aviation ELECTRONIC Combat (Army) AEGIS Automatic ELECTRONIC Guided Intercept System AEL Accessible Emission Limit AESA Active Electronically Scanned Array AEW Airborne Early Warning AF Antenna Factor, air force , or Audio Frequency AFB air force Base or Airframe Bulletin AFC Automatic Frequency Control or Airframe Change AFIPS Automated Financial Information Processing System AFOTEC air force Operational T&E Center A/G Air-to-Ground AGB Autonomous Guided Bomb AGC Automatic Gain Control AGI Auxiliary General intelligence ( intelligence -gathering Ship)

10 AGL Above Ground Level AGM Air-to-Ground Missile AGS Angle Gate Stealer AHWS Advanced Helicopter Weapons System AI Artificial intelligence , Air Intercept, or Airborne Interceptor AIAA American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics AIC Air Intercept Control AIM Air Intercept Missile AIRLANT Commander, Naval Air Forces, Atlantic Fleet AIRPAC Commander, Naval Air Forces, Pacific Fleet AJ Anti-jamming or Anti-Jam A-Kit Aircraft wiring kit for a system (includes cabling, racks, etc. excluding WRAs) ALC Air Logistics Center AM Amplitude Modulation AMD Aircraft Maintenance Department AMES Advanced Multiple Environment Simulator AMLV Advanced Memory Loader/Verifier Amp Amplifier AMRAAM Advanced, Medium-Range, Air-to-Air Missile ANSI American National Standards Institute ANT Antenna Ao Operational Availability AO Acousto-Optical AOA Angle of Arrival, Angle of Attack, or Analysis of Alternatives (similar to COEA) AOC Association of Old Crows (Professional EW Society) or Award of Contract AOT Angle Only Track, Angle Off Tail, or Acquisition-on-Target APC Amphenol Precision Connector or Armored Personnel Carrier APN Aircraft Procurement, Navy APO Armed Forces (or Army or Air)