EMISSION FACTORS 2021 DATABASE DOCUMENTATION

1 EMISSION FACTORS 2021 DATABASE DOCUMENTATION 2 - EMISSION FACTORS : DATABASE DOCUMENTATION (2021 edition) INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY This document contains a description of the electricity and heat emissions FACTORS file distributed together with the 2021 edition of the EMISSION FACTORS data package. This excel file includes 10 sheets with a set of carbon EMISSION FACTORS for electricity and electricity/heat generation. The FACTORS are described below: CO2 EMISSION FACTORS for electricity and heat generation for world countries (in CO2 per kWh, 1990 to 2019). (Sheet CO2 KWH ELE & HEAT) CO2 EMISSION FACTORS for electricity only generation (CHP electricity included) for world countries (in CO2 per kWh, 1990 to 2019). (Sheet CO2 KWH ELE) These EMISSION FACTORS are given for electricity and electricity/heat generation for the total electricity generation, and for generation from oil, coal, gas and from non-renewable wastes, as well as from biofuels.

2 (Sheets CO2 KWH ELE & HEAT and CO2 KWH ELE) CH4 and N2O EMISSION FACTORS for electricity generation (based on default IPCC FACTORS ) (in CO2eq per kWh, 1990 to 2019). (Sheets CH4 FACTORS and N2O FACTORS ) 2020 provisional EMISSION FACTORS for electricity and electricity/heat generation, based on provisional electricity generation data (for all OECD countries and selected non-OECD countries). (Sheets CO2 KWH ELE & HEAT and CO2 KWH ELE) Adjustment FACTORS to EMISSION FACTORS from electricity generation for indirect emissions induced by electricity trade between countries (for OECD countries, 1990 to 2019). (Sheet Trade adjustment) Adjustment FACTORS to EMISSION FACTORS from electricity generation for emissions associated to transmission and distribution losses of electricity in the grid (for countries with available data, 1990 to 2019).

3 (Sheet T&D losses adjustment) EMISSION FACTORS by fuel from direct combustion of fuels in other sectors than electricity and heat production (1990 to 2019). (Sheet Implied EMISSION FACTORS ) Please address your inquiries to EMISSION FACTORS : DATABASE DOCUMENTATION (2021 edition) - 3 INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY Please note that all IEA data are subject to the following Terms and Conditions found on the IEA s website at: 4 - EMISSION FACTORS : DATABASE DOCUMENTATION (2021 edition) INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. WHAT S NEW .. 5 2. DEFINITIONS .. 7 3. GEOGRAPHICAL COVERAGE AND COUNTRY NOTES .. 9 4. METHODOLOGY: CO2/KWH EMISSION FACTORS .. 34 5. METHODOLOGY: OTHER FACTORS .. 37 6. UNITS AND CONVERSIONS .. 40 7. ABBREVIATIONS .. 42 EMISSION FACTORS : DATABASE DOCUMENTATION (2021 edition) - 5 INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY 1. WHAT S NEW Geographical coverage for the provisional year In the 2021 edition, further to OECD countries, provisional 2020 data for selected non-OECD countries are available.

4 Below the list of the added countries and the respective flows. Flow Countries Emissions per kWh of electricity only (gCO2eq per kWh) Benin, Botswana, Cote d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Ghana, Mauritius, Morocco, South Africa, Zambia, Argentina, Plurinational State of Bolivia, Brazil, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Hong Kong (China), India, Indonesia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Singapore, Chinese Taipei, Thailand, People's Republic of China, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Georgia, Kosovo, Malta, Republic of Moldova, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia, Ukraine, Islamic Republic of Iran. Emissions per kWh of electricity and heat (gCO2 per kWh) Benin, Ghana, Mauritius, Morocco, Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay, Hong Kong (China), India, Indonesia, Chinese Taipei, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Georgia, Kosovo, Malta, Republic of Moldova, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia, Ukraine.

5 Geographical coverage Chile, Colombia, and Israel are currently seeking accession to full IEA membership (Accession country), therefore they are included in the IEA and Accession/Association countries aggregate (IEA family), for data starting in 1971 and for the entire time series. Lithuania is currently seeking accession to full IEA membership (Accession country), therefore it is included in the IEA and Accession/Association countries aggregate (IEA family), for data starting in 1990 and for the entire time series. 6 - EMISSION FACTORS : DATABASE DOCUMENTATION (2021 edition) INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY The IEA continues to expand the coverage of its statistics reports and encourages more countries to collaborate on data exchange. As detailed data have become consistently available for Niger (before 2001) and for Guyana for the entire time series, the associated time series are now shown explicitly in the main list of countries, and have been removed from the Other Africa and Other non-OECD Americas regions, respectively.

6 Additionally, detailed data have become available for Burkina Faso, Chad, Mauritania and Rwanda, which are now included as additional memo countries. For further details, please refer to the section on Geographical coverage. With the objective to increase the geographical coverage of the statistical information provided, the IEA has included in the 2021 edition CO2 EMISSION FACTORS for electricity and heat generation for a complementing set of over forty countries until 2018. Flow Countries Emissions per kWh of electricity and heat (gCO2 per kWh) Afghanistan, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bhutan, Burundi, Cabo Verde, Central African Republic, Comoros, Cook Islands, Djibouti, Dominica, Kingdom of Eswatini, Fiji, Gambia, Grenada, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kiribati, Lesotho, Liberia, Malawi, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Micronesia (Federated States of), Nauru, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Tuvalu and Vanuatu.

7 Old longname New longname Shortname Old shortname (if changed) Memo: Guyana Guyana GUYANA Memo: Burkina Faso MBURKINAFA Memo: Chad MCHAD Memo: Mauritania MMAURITANI Memo: Rwanda MRWANDA EMISSION FACTORS : DATABASE DOCUMENTATION (2021 edition) - 7 INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY 2. DEFINITIONS Electricity and Heat Output and Emissions per kWh Flow Short name Definition Emissions per kWh of electricity only (gCO2eq per kWh) GHGKWHIN This ratio is expressed in grammes of CO2 per kWh. Characteristics This ratio is based on total emissions from fossil fuels consumed for electricity generation, in both electricity-only and combined heat and power plants (CHP), divided by output of electricity generated from all fossil and non-fossil sources. Both main activity producers and autoproducers have been included in the calculation. The calculation methodology is available in part III.

8 Emissions per kWh of electricity and heat (gCO2 per kWh) GHGKWHHIN This ratio is based on total CO2 emissions from fossil fuels consumed for electricity and heat generation divided by the output of electricity and heat (in kWh) from all fossil and non-fossil sources. It includes electricity-only plants, combined heat and power plants, and heat-only plants. Both main activity producers and autoproducers have been included in the calculation. The calculation methodology is available in part III. Trade adjustment (gCO2/kWh) TRADECORREC Part of the electricity consumed in one country may have been generated in another one. Similarly, part of the electricity generated in one country can be exported to other countries. Therefore, adjustments may be done to the EMISSION FACTORS calculated above to account for electricity trade.

9 Such adjustments are based on the share of electricity that is imported or exported compared to the domestic supply. The data needed to calculate such adjustment are only available for OECD countries. This adjustment can be positive or negative. The calculation methodology is available in part III. Transmission and distribution losses adjustment (gCO2/kWh) LOSSCORREC As electricity is transmitted through a grid from the generation point to the consumption point, losses can occur for different reasons - they usually represent between 5 and 15% of the energy transmitted, mainly depending on the distance of the lines. Basically, for each kWh being consumed, a higher amount had to be generated. The calculation methodology is available in part III. 8 - EMISSION FACTORS : DATABASE DOCUMENTATION (2021 edition) INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY GHG GHG Short name Definition CO2 CO2 CH4 CH4 The EMISSION FACTORS are converted from gCH4 and gN2O to gCO2eq using the 100-year Global Warming Potential (GWP).

10 For the purpose of comparability with international data submission guidelines, the FACTORS from the 4th Assessment of the IPCC are used. 1gCH4 = 25 gCO2eq N2O N2O The EMISSION FACTORS are converted from gCH4 and gN2O to gCO2eq using the 100-year Global Warming Potential (GWP). For the purpose of comparability with international data submission guidelines, the FACTORS from the 4th Assessment of the IPCC are used. 1gN2O = 298 gCO2eq Aggregated product categories Flow Short name Definition Total TOTAL TOTAL = the total of all CO2 emissions from fuel combustion, COAL + OIL + NATGAS + OTHER. Coal, peat and oil shale COAL Coal, peat and oil shale includes all coal, both primary (hard coal, brown coal, anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal and lignite) and derived fuels (patent fuel, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, BKB, gas works gas, coke oven gas, blast furnace gas and other recovered gases).