Emission Factors for Greenhouse Gas Inventories

1 Emission Factors for Greenhouse Gas Inventories Last Modified: 9 March 2018. Red text indicates an update from the 2015 version of this document. Typically, Greenhouse gas emissions are reported in units of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e). Gases are converted to CO2e by multiplying by their global warming potential (GWP). The Emission Factors listed in this document Gas 100-Year GWP. CH4 25. N2O 298. Source: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Fourth Assessment Table 1 Stationary Combustion Fuel Type Heat Content (HHV) CO2 Factor CH4 Factor N2O Factor CO2 Factor CH4 Factor N2O Factor mmBtu per short ton kg CO2 per mmBtu g CH4 per mmBtu g N2O per mmBtu kg CO2 per short g CH4 per short g N2O per short ton ton ton Coal and Coke Anthracite Coal 11 2,602 276 40.

2 Bituminous Coal 11 2,325 274 40. Sub-bituminous Coal 11 1,676 190 28. Lignite Coal 11 1,389 156 23. Mixed (Commercial Sector) 11 2,016 235 34. Mixed (Electric Power Sector) 11 1,885 217 32. Mixed (Industrial Coking) 11 2,468 289 42. Mixed (Industrial Sector) 11 2,116 246 36. Coal Coke 11 2,819 273 40. Other Fuels - Solid Municipal Solid Waste 32 902 318 42. Petroleum Coke (Solid) 32 3,072 960 126. Plastics 32 2,850 1,216 160. Tires 32 2,407 896 118. Biomass Fuels - Solid Agricultural Byproducts 32 975 264 35. Peat 32 895 256 34. Solid Byproducts 32 1,096 332 44. Wood and Wood Residuals 1,640 126 63.

3 MmBtu per scf kg CO2 per mmBtu g CH4 per mmBtu g N2O per mmBtu kg CO2 per scf g CH4 per scf g N2O per scf Natural Gas Natural Gas Other Fuels - Gaseous Blast Furnace Gas Coke Oven Gas Fuel Gas Propane Gas Biomass Fuels - Gaseous Landfill Gas Other Biomass Gases mmBtu per gallon kg CO2 per mmBtu g CH4 per mmBtu g N2O per mmBtu kg CO2 per gallon g CH4 per gallon g N2O per gallon Petroleum Products Asphalt and Road Oil Aviation Gasoline Butane Butylene Crude Oil Distillate Fuel Oil No. 1 Distillate Fuel Oil No. 2 Distillate Fuel Oil No. 4 Ethane Ethylene Heavy Gas Oils Isobutane Isobutylene Kerosene Kerosene-Type Jet Fuel Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG) Lubricants Motor Gasoline Naphtha (<401 deg F) Natural Gasoline Other Oil (>401 deg F) Pentanes Plus Petrochemical Feedstocks Petroleum Coke Propane Propylene Residual Fuel Oil No.

4 5 Residual Fuel Oil No. 6 Special Naphtha Unfinished Oils Used Oil Biomass Fuels - Liquid Biodiesel (100%) Ethanol (100%) Rendered Animal Fat Vegetable Oil Biomass Fuels - Kraft Pulping Liquor, by Wood Furnish North American Softwood North American Hardwood Bagasse Bamboo Straw Source: Federal Register EPA; 40 CFR Part 98; e-CFR, June 13, 2017 (see link below). Table C-1, Table C-2, Table AA-1. # Note: Emission Factors are per unit of heat content using higher heating values (HHV). If heat content is available from the fuel supplier, it is preferable to use that value.

5 If not, default heat contents are provided. Red text indicates an update Emission Factors for Greenhouse Gas Inventories from the 2015 version of this document. Last Modified: 9 March 2018. Table 2 Mobile Combustion CO2. Fuel Type kg CO2 per unit Unit Aviation Gasoline gallon Biodiesel (100%) gallon Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) scf Diesel Fuel gallon Ethanol (100%) gallon Kerosene-Type Jet Fuel gallon Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) gallon Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG) gallon Motor Gasoline gallon Residual Fuel Oil gallon Source: Federal Register EPA; 40 CFR Part 98; e-CFR, June 13, 2017 (see link below).

6 Table C-1, Table C-2, Table AA-1. # LNG: The factor was developed based on the CO2 factor for Natural Gas factor and LNG fuel density from Model, Argonne National Laboratory. This represents a methodology change from previous versions. Table 3 Mobile Combustion CH4 and N2O for On-Road Gasoline Vehicles CH4 Factor N2O Factor Vehicle Type Year (g / mile) (g / mile). Gasoline Passenger Cars 1973-74 1975 1976-77 1978-79 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984-93 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009-present Gasoline Light-Duty Trucks 1973-74 (Vans, Pickup Trucks, SUVs)

7 1975 1976 1977-78 1979-80 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987-93 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008-present Gasoline Heavy-Duty Vehicles <1981 1982-84 1985-86 1987 1988-1989 1990-1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008-present 1960-1995 Gasoline Motorcycles 1996-present Source: EPA (2017) Inventory of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2015. All values are calculated from Tables A-104 through A-110. Page 2 of 5. Red text indicates an update Emission Factors for Greenhouse Gas Inventories from the 2015 version of this document.

8 Last Modified: 9 March 2018. Table 4 Mobile Combustion CH4 and N2O for On-Road Diesel and Alternative Fuel Vehicles CH4 Factor N2O Factor Vehicle Type Vehicle Year (g / mile) (g / mile). 1960-1982 Diesel Passenger Cars 1983-1995 1996-present 1960-1982 Diesel Light-Duty Trucks 1983-1995 1996-present Diesel Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles 1960-present CNG Light-Duty Vehicles CNG Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles CNG Buses LPG Light-Duty Vehicles LPG Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles LNG Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles Ethanol Light-Duty Vehicles Ethanol Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles Ethanol Buses Biodiesel Light-Duty Vehicles Biodiesel Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles Biodiesel Buses Source: EPA (2017) Inventory of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks.

9 1990-2015. All values are calculated from Tables A-104 through A-110. Table 5 Mobile Combustion CH4 and N2O for Non-Road Vehicles CH4 Factor N2O Factor Vehicle Type (g / gallon) (g / gallon). Residual Fuel Oil Ships and Boats Gasoline Ships and Boats Diesel Ships and Boats Diesel Locomotives Gasoline Agricultural Equip. Diesel Agricultural Equip. Gasoline Construction Equip. Diesel Construction Equip. Jet Fuel Aircraft Aviation Gasoline Aircraft Other Gasoline Non-Road Vehicles Other Diesel Non-Road Vehicles LPG Non-Road Vehicles Biodiesel Non-Road Vehicles Source: EPA (2017) Inventory of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2015.

10 All values are calculated from Table A-110. Note: LPG non-road vehicles assumed equal to other gasoline sources. Biodiesel vehicles assumed equal to other diesel sources. Table 6 Electricity Total Output Emission Factors Non-Baseload Emission Factors eGRID Subregion CO2 Factor CH4 Factor N2O Factor CO2 Factor CH4 Factor N2O Factor (lb / MWh) (lb / MWh) (lb / MWh) (lb / MWh) (lb / MWh) (lb / MWh). AKGD (ASCC Alaska Grid) 1, 1, AKMS (ASCC Miscellaneous) 1, AZNM (WECC Southwest) 1, 1, CAMX (WECC California) ERCT (ERCOT All) 1, 1, FRCC (FRCC All) 1, 1, HIMS (HICC Miscellaneous) 1, 1, HIOA (HICC Oahu) 1, 1, MROE (MRO East) 1, 1, MROW (MRO West) 1, 1, NEWE (NPCC New England) NWPP (WECC Northwest) 1, NYCW (NPCC NYC/Westchester) 1, NYLI (NPCC Long Island) 1, 1, NYUP (NPCC Upstate NY) 1, RFCE (RFC East) 1, RFCM (RFC Michigan) 1, 1, RFCW (RFC West) 1, 1, RMPA (WECC Rockies) 1, 1, SPNO (SPP North) 1, 1, SPSO (SPP South) 1, 1, SRMV (SERC Mississippi Valley)