Transcription of ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
1 ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY DIPLOMA COURSE IN ENGINEERING FIRST AND SECOND SEMESTER Untouchability is a sin Untouchability is a crime Untouchability is a inhuman DIRECTORATE OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION GOVERNMENT OF TAMILNADU A Publication under Government of Tamilnadu Distribution of Free Textbook Programme (NOT FOR SALE) ii Government of Tamilnadu First Edition 2015 Co-ordinator Reviewer Head of the Department / Physical CHEMISTRY Authors (UG)/ CHEMISTRY College, , (UG)/ CHEMISTRY College Thuvakudi, Trichy-22. Senior Lecturer/ CHEMISTRY college Manali, Chennai-68. This book has been prepared by the Directorate of Technical Education This book has been printed on 60 Paper University of Madras, Chennai-25. Vepery, Chennai 600 007 , , , (UG)/ CHEMISTRY AHAMED HUSSAIN Lecturer/ CHEMISTRY Institute of chemical technology Taramani, Chennai-113. Thiru. PRAVEEN KUMAR, ,Principal Secretary /Commissioner of Technical EducationDirectorate of Technical Education Guindy, Chennai- 600025.
2 Er. , Principal Dr. Dharmambal Government Polytechnic College for Women Tharamani, Chennai 113 Convener (UG) / ChemistryDr. Dharmambal Government Polytechnic College for WomenTharamani, Chennai 113 Through the Tamil Nadu Text book and Educational Services Corporation , , ,Additional Director of Technical Eduation (Polytechnics)Directorate of Technical EducationGuindy, Chennai- 600025 Sakthi Polytechnic College Sakthinagar, Erode 638 315. iii FOREWORD We are indeed very happy to present ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY book for diploma engineers. CHEMISTRY is the branch of science that deals with the study of matter, its composition, physical and chemical properties and applications. It is important for engineers to have knowledge of CHEMISTRY as those may face problems in fields as diverse as design and development of new materials, quality control and environmental ENGINEERING that are basically CHEMISTRY oriented in nature.
3 CHEMISTRY is the backbone in designing and understanding the nature of various ENGINEERING materials. Many advances in ENGINEERING and technology either produce a chemical demand like polymers, chemical developments for their application in powder metallurgy and alloys, preventing methods of pollution etc. Currently electronics and computer field require biopolymers and nano materials. Electrical engineers require proper conducting materials. Mechanical engineers are in search of micro fluids and civil engineers are looking for environment friendly materials. This book in ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY is prepared for the students studying I Year Diploma in ENGINEERING and Technology in Tamilnadu. This book is written in simple and easily understandable manner. Tabular columns, figures, and worked examples are given wherever necessary.
4 At the end of each chapter, short answer questions and long answer questions are given. Test your understanding questions are given wherever required which will motivate the students for further study. The authors are very much grateful to the Commissioner of Technical Education Chennai for his deep involvement and encouragement in preparing this syllabus and learning material. Thanks are due to officials of DOTE, Chennai for their timely help whenever needed. Further suggestions and constructive criticisms for the improvement of this book are welcome AUTHORS 30014 ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY IDETAILED SYLLABUSC ontents: TheoryUnitName of the TopicHoursIATOMIC structure , MOLECULAR MASS, ACIDS AND StructureAtom Definition Fundamental particles of Atom their Mass, ChargeandLocation atomic numberandMass number Definition IsotopesandIsobars Definition with suitable examples Formation of cation andanion by electronic concept of oxidation and reduction Octet rule Formation of electrovalent compound (NaCl) Formation of covalentcompound (NH3).
5 MassMolecule MolecularFormula Molecular Mass Mole Definition Simple calculations Avogadro s Hypothesis Relationship betweenMolecular Mass and Vapour Density Avogadro Number Acids and BasesTheories of Acids andBases Arrhenius Theory Lowry BronstedTheory LewisTheory Advantages of LewisTheory pHandpOH Definition Numerical problems Indicator Definitionand Examplesonly Buffer solution Definition Types of buffer solution with examples Application of pH in Hrs4 Hrs5 HrsIISOLUTIONS, COLLOIDS, SolutionsDefinition Methods of expressing concentration of a solution Molarity,Molality, Normality, Mole fraction and Percentage Mass ColloidsTrue solution and Colloidal solution Definition Differences Typesofcolloids LyophilicandLyophobiccolloids Differences Properties Tyndall effect, Brownian movement, ElectrophoresisandCoagulation Industrial applications of colloids Smoke Precipitation by Cottrell smethod, Purification of water, Cleansing action of soap, Tanning of leatherandSewage Nano-ParticlesDefinition Importance of Nano-particles Area of application Medicine, Hrs6 Hrs3 HrsUnitName of the TopicHoursIIITECHNOLOGY OF WATER, CATALYSIS, Technology of WaterSources of water Reasons for depletion of underground water Rainwater harvesting (Basic ideas)
6 Advantages Hard water and soft water Hardness of water CarbonateandNon-carbonate hardness Methods of expressing hardness mg/litandppm Simple problems Estimation of total hardness of water by EDTA method Problemsinvolving Total, CarbonateandNon-carbonate hardness in ppm Softening of hard water Ion-Exchange methodandReverse Osmosismethod Municipal water supply Purification(Sedimentation, Filtrationand Sterilization) Disadvantages of using hard water in boilers Scaleformation, Corrosion of boiler metal,Caustic CatalysisCatalyst Positive catalyst Negative catalyst Definition Types ofcatalysis HomogeneousandHeterogeneous Promoter Catalystpoison Definition Characteristics of a catalyst Industrial applicationsof GlassDefinition Manufacture ofGlass Varieties of Glass OpticalGlass,WindshieldGlassandPhoto Hrs4 Hrs3 HrsIVELECTROCHEMISTRY, ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL.
7 ElectrochemistryElectrolyte Definition Strong andWeak electrolytes Examples Electrolysis Definition Mechanism Industrial application ofElectrolysis Electroplating Preparation of surface Process Factorsaffecting the stability of the coating Chrome plating Electroless plating Definition Advantages of Electroless plating over electroplating Applications ofElectroless Electrochemical CellElectrochemical Cell Definition Representation of a Cell SingleElectrode Potential Definition Galvanic Cell Formation of Daniel Cell Electrochemical Series Definition and Significance ElectrolyticConcentration Cell Definition and Energy SourcesPrimary Battery Definitionandexample Construction, Working andUses of Dry cell Secondary Battery Definitionandexample Construction, Working and Uses of Lead-acid Storage Cell Non-conventional Energy Sources Solar Cell Definition Principle,Construction, Working and Hrs4 Hrs4 HrsUnitName of the TopicHoursVCORROSION, METHODS OF PREVENTION OF CORROSION,ORGANIC CorrosionDefinition Types of Corrosion Theories of corrosion Galvanic CellFormation Theory Differential Aeration theory Factors influencing therate of Methods of Prevention of CorrosionControl of Environment Alloying Surface coatings Metal coatings Electroplating, GalvanizationandTinning Inorganic coating Anodizing Cathodic Protection Sacrificial Anode Methodand Impressed Organic CoatingsPaint Definition Components of Paints and their functions Varnish Definition Preparation of Oil Varnish Differences between PaintandVarnish Special Paints Luminescent Paints, FireRetardant Paints, Hrs4 Hrs5 HrsText CHEMISTRY ITamil Nadu Text Book CHEMISTRY Jain & Jain DhanpatRai& Text Book of ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY Dara S.
8 Text Book of Environmental CHEMISTRY and Pollution Dara S. CHEMISTRY Uppal Khanna Higher Secondary Second Year Volume I&II Tamil Nadu Text BookCorporation CHEMISTRY V P Kudesia Pragati CHEMISTRY IIDETAILEDSYLLABUSC ontents: TheoryUnitName of the TopicHoursIENVIRONMENTAL Air PollutionPollution andAirpollution Definition Air pollutants (SO2,H2S, HF, COand Dust) Sources andHarmful effects Formation of Acid Rain Harmful effects Green House Effect Causes Global warming Harmful effects OzoneLayer Importance Causes for Depletion ofOzoneLayer (No equations) Harmful effects of OzoneLayer Depletion Control of Air Water PollutionCauses of Water Pollution Sewage, Effluents, Algae andMicroorganisms Harmful effects Sewerage Definition SewageDisposal Industrial Effluents Harmful effects of Effluents Harmfuleffects of Heavy Metal Ions Lead, Cadmium, Zinc and Copper Treatment of Effluents Eutrophication Definition andharmful Solid WasteManagementSolid Waste Definition Problems Types of Solid Waste Methods ofdisposal Land filland Green ChemistryDefinition Goals of Green CHEMISTRY (Basic ideas) Recycling Definition Examples Advantagesof Recycling (Basic ideas)
9 5 Hrs4 Hrs2 Hrs2 HrsIIFUELS, COMBUSTION AND FuelsFuel andfossil fuel Definition Calorific value Classification of fuels Solid fuels Wood Coal Varieties of Coal Composition Specificuses Liquid fuels Petroleum Fractional distillation Fractions anduses Cracking (Concept only) Liquid Hydrogen as fuel Gaseousfuels Preparation, composition and specific uses of Producer gasandWater gas Composition and uses of CNGandLPG Relativeadvantages of solid, liquid and gaseous CombustionDefinition Combustioncalculation by mass (for solid and liquid fuels) Combustion calculation by volume (for gaseous fuels) Stoichiometriccalculations Volume of air required Excess air Definition of Flue gas Flue gas Analysis Orsat Apparatus Simple numerical RefractoriesDefinition Requirementsof a good Refractory Classification Acidic,Basic and Neutral Refractories Examples and uses Uses of Fireclaybricks, Alumina bricks and Silica Hrs5 Hrs2 HrsUnitNameof the TopicHoursIIIEXTRACTION OF METALS, POWDER METALLURGY,ALLOYS of metalsExtraction of Tungsten and Titanium Uses of Tungsten and Preparation of Metal Powder Atomization Reduction ofMetal Oxide Applications of Powder AlloysDefinition Purpose of alloying Types Ferrous Alloys Compositionand uses of Stainless Steel, Chromium SteelandVanadium Steel Non-ferrous alloys Composition and uses ofNichrome, Dutch metal,German silver,Gun Classification Hardness in Moh s scale Natural abrasives Diamond, Corundum.
10 Emery and Garnet Synthetic abrasives Carborundum Boron carbide Manufacture Properties and Hrs3 Hrs4 Hrs4 HrsIVCEMENT, CERAMICS, LUBRICANTS AND CementDefinition Manufacture of Portland Cement Wet Process Setting ofCement (No equation). CeramicsWhite pottery Definition Manufacture of White pottery Uses Definition of glazing Purpose Method Salt LubricantsDefinition Characteristics ofLubricant Types of Lubricants Solid Semi-solid Liquid Requirements of good adhesives Natural adhesive Usesof Shellac, Starch, Asphalt Synthetic adhesive Uses ofCelluloseNitrate, PVC,Phenol-formaldehydeand Hrs3 Hrs3 Hrs4 HrsUnitName of the PlasticsPlastics Definition-Polymerization Definition Types ofpolymerization Addition polymerization Formation of Polythene Condensation polymerization Formation of Bakelite Types of plastics ThermoplasticsandThermoset plastics Differences Mechanicalproperties of plastics Advantages ofplastics over traditional materials(WoodandMetal)
